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Established Precision

Juliet balcony functional kits

The elegance of classic masonry without the structural weight. Add high-impact Juliet balconies to any facade rapidly with zero cranes or complex reinforcements.

90%
Lighter than precast
0
Structural reinforcement
1 Day
Average installation
Juliet Balcony 2
Juliet Balcony 3
Juliet Balcony 6
CSI MasterFormat
30+ options
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Custom EPS Juliet Balconies

Polyurea Protective Coating

Zero Facade Overloading

Monolithic Stone Aesthetics

Rapid 2-Person Install

Engineered solutions for every architectural vision

Whether you’re designing the vision or managing the budget, we deliver a solution engineered for your success.

For Architects & Designers

Realize your creative vision without structural compromises. We fabricate custom Juliet balconies to your exact CAD specifications, from historical replications to minimalist modern designs. Our solutions are perfect for weight-critical applications, including challenging dormer loft conversions.

100%
Precision to your CAD specifications
For Developers & HOAs

Add instant, high-value curb appeal to multi-family residences, townhomes, and hotels. Our systems provide a consistent, high-end aesthetic that helps properties sell or lease faster, while the rapid installation keeps your project on schedule and on budget.

20–30%
Faster delivery vs. stone or precast
For Builders & Contractors

Simplify your workflow and reduce on-site costs. Our lightweight, ready-to-install units eliminate the need for specialized masonry or welding crews, making installation faster, safer, and more profitable.

$0
Lifetime maintenance and repair costs
For Luxury Homeowners

Create an iconic architectural statement with a custom Romeo Juliet balcony that provides timeless beauty without the maintenance nightmare of rusting iron or cracking concrete.

90%
Lighter than traditional solid stone

From structural post to architectural statement

EPS architectural shapes that look like stone — without the weight, cost, or structural engineering.
Built to spec, installed in hours.
01 Juliet Balcony Decorative Kits
Material Composition
Durability
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Cost Efficiency
Installation Speed
Customization
Engineering Performance
Aesthetics

EPS Core + Polyurea Shell
vs. Conventional Materials

ComponentDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS CorePrimary shaped body1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Defines weight + compressive behaviorAll EPS productsOur company's working density
Adhesive LayerLaminates foam sectionsConstruction-gradesystemManufacturer specPrevents separation of partsBuilt-up productsUse compatible foam-safe adhesive
Polyurea ShellPrimary hard protective coat30–60milManufacturer specImpact, moisture, abrasion resistanceExterior productsOur company's working thickness
Base PrimerPromotes coating bond1 coatlayerManufacturer specImproves adhesionBefore polyureaRequired by coating system
Finish CoatPaint or decorative finish2 coatslayerPaint specUV resistance + final appearanceExterior/interiorColor depends on project
ProductsTop architectural elementCustomdimensionProject drawingsVisual hierarchyClassical/custom productsCan be foam-built or composite
ProductsMain cylindrical/tapered bodyCustomdimensionProject drawingsMain visible massRound/square/tapered productsCNC-shaped
ProductsBottom transition elementCustomdimensionProject drawingsVisual stability + clean terminationAll productsSized to field conditions
Mechanical AnchoringAttachment to substrateProject-specificdetailEngineer of record / FBCResists wind and service loadsExterior productsDepends on wall/frame condition
Sealant at JointsWeather sealing at seamsExterior-gradesystemSealant specHelps block water intrusionSegment jointsImportant in Florida exposure
Wind ResistanceAssembly performance target120–180PSFFlorida Building Code / project engineeringAffects fastening designExterior useDepends on geometry + anchorage
Service LifeExpected lifespan when properly built15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports lifecycle valueCommercial/residentialRequires maintenance of finish

 

Integrated Multi-Layer System

Our company’s architectural products are engineered as a fully integrated system composed of:

  • EPS Core: 1.0–2.0 lb/ft³ density
  • Polyurea Coating: two-component, 30–60 mils
  • Adhesion Primer
  • UV-Stable Finish Coat

Core Philosophy

This is not a sequence of separate layers. It is a closed engineered envelope where every component has a defined structural or protective role.

Functional Role of Each Layer

  • EPS Core: Provides geometric form. Maintains dimensional stability. Reduces total weight.
  • Polyurea Shell: Adds mechanical resistance. Provides chemical inertness. Blocks moisture intrusion.
  • Primer Layer: Ensures bond integrity between materials.
  • Finish Coat: Protects against UV exposure. Stabilizes final appearance.

Why Conventional Materials Fall Short

  • Wood: Vulnerable to moisture and decay. Requires constant maintenance. Can structurally degrade in 3–7 years in harsh climates.
  • Fiberglass: Dependent on rigid molds. Limited to prefabricated shapes. Custom designs become expensive.
  • PVC: Thermal expansion: $5–8 \times 10^{-5}/°C$. Can warp, open joints, and lose dimensional accuracy under temperature swings.
  • Precast Concrete / Natural Stone: Extremely heavy. Requires cranes and reinforced substrates. Slower, more complex installation process.

Performance Advantages of Our Company

  • CNC Precision: ±3 mm across any profile.
  • Weight Reduction: 60–80% lighter than reinforced concrete.
  • Faster Installation: No heavy lifting equipment required.
  • Lower Structural Load: Reduced dead load on building envelope.
  • Wind Resistance: 120–180 PSF.
  • Code Engineering: Designed to Florida Building Code requirements.
  • Permit Ready: Substrate-specific anchorage by licensed engineer.

Final Result

Our company is not a decorative surface treatment. It is a fully documented, engineered, permit-ready architectural system designed to move efficiently from fabrication to installation without rework.

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Engineering Advantages of EPS/Polyurea Over Wood, PVC, and Fiberglass

Layer / materialDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS Type ILightweight core option1.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Lower weight, easier handlingNon-critical decorative volumesEconomical option
EPS Type IIDenser core option2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Higher compressive performanceHigher-abuse / larger elementsPreferred for stronger assemblies
Closed-cell EPSFoam cell structureClosed-celltypeASTM C578Low water absorption compared with open-cell foamsExterior/interiorRoyal Foam technology
Polyurea CoatingElastomeric hard coat30–60milManufacturer specPrimary durability layerExterior elementsRoyal Foam working range
Polyurea ChemistryFast-set sprayed coating2-componentsystemManufacturer specRapid cure for productionCoated EPS partsRequires proper prep
PrimerSurface preparation layer1 coatlayerManufacturer specPromotes coating bondBefore polyureaDo not skip CNC-shaped
Paint / FinishUV-stable decorative finish2 coatslayerPaint specColor retention + aestheticsVisible surfacesFinal appearance depends on finish system
AdhesiveFoam-safe joining materialProject-specificsystemManufacturer specSection bondingMulti-part assembliesMust be coating-compatible
SealantFlexible weather joint materialExterior-gradesystemSealant specMoisture defense at seamsField jointsImportant for Florida rain exposure
Optional ReinforcementInternal rods/plates/bracketsProject-specificdetailEngineer of recordImproves anchorage / load transferLarge or special elementsNot every element needs it
Fasteners / AnchorsAttachment hardwareProject-specificdetailFBC / engineerCritical to actual wind performanceExterior installationSubstrate matters
Surface TextureSmooth / stone / custom effectCustomfinishProject specControls visual styleArchitectural applicationsSupports premium positioning

 

Engineered Composite System

Our company’s products are built on a composite material architecture that no single conventional material can replicate.

Core Structure

  • EPS TYPE I: 1.0 lb/ft³ density
  • EPS TYPE II: 2.0 lb/ft³ density
  • Standards: Classified under ASTM C578
  • Material: Closed-cell EPS foam
  • Moisture Resistance: Water absorption below 2% per ASTM C272

Why It Matters

This low absorption threshold is critical for facade elements exposed to:

  • Wind-driven rain
  • Condensation cycles
  • Sustained humidity

Protective Outer Shell: Two-Component Polyurea Coating

  • Applied Thickness: 30–60 mils
  • Shore D Hardness: 40–70
  • Durability: High impact and abrasion resistance
  • Chemistry: Chemical inertness

Performance Benefit:

Far exceeds conventional paints and gelcoats in durability and service resistance.

Technical Comparison with Competing Materials

  • WOOD: Hygroscopic by molecular structure. Shrinks, warps, and separates under wet/dry cycles. Vulnerable to fungi and insects. Structural degradation in 5–10 years in warm humid climates.
  • ENGINEERED LUMBER: Reduces variability, but remains moisture-sensitive and biologically vulnerable.
  • PVC: Loses 30–40% elastic modulus above 40°C (104°F). Creeps under self-weight and wind pressure. UV causes embrittlement and pigment breakdown in 7–10 years.
  • FIBERGLASS: Often lacks third-party certified data in custom fabrication. Gelcoat damage allows hidden water intrusion. Internal delamination may remain invisible until failure.

Failure Modes Eliminated by Royal Foam

Our company EPS + Polyurea removes all common substrate failures:

  • No cellulosic substrate to rot
  • No metal components to corrode
  • No thermoplastic matrix to creep
  • No laminate interface to delaminate

Long-Term Client Value (Delivered Performance)

  • Projected Service Life: 15–25+ years
  • Maintenance Interval: 5–10 years
  • Topcoat refinishing only
  • ASTM-traceable performance data
  • Based on documented standards, not marketing claims

Final Statement:

Our company is a measurable, testable, engineered exterior product system designed for long-term architectural performance.

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Systemic Service Performance of EPS/Polyurea in Demanding Climates

FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS DensityCore density affects dent resistance1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Higher density improves robustnessAll Products2.0 better where abuse is higher
Polyurea ThicknessPrimary hard coat thickness30–60milManufacturer specMajor durability driverExterior ProductsRoyal Foam Working Range
Water AbsorptionEPS water absorptionLowqualitativeASTM C272Helps in humid environmentsExterior/interiorSystem still needs sealed finish
Moisture ResistanceCoated system resists rain splashHighratingFinish systemFlorida suitabilityExterior ProductsSeams must be sealed
UV ExposureFinish must resist sun degradationRequires topcoatsystemPaint specAffects color lifeExterior in FloridaPolyurea should be topcoated
Impact ResistanceCoating helps resist minor impactMedium to highratingCoating specImportant at pedestrian levelRetail/commercialNot equivalent to solid concrete
Crack ControlJoint detailing reduces cracking riskProject-specificdetailInstallation best practicePreserves appearanceSegmented buildsMovement joints may be needed
Abrasion ResistanceHard shell resists scuffingHighratingCoating specUseful in touch-prone areasEntry ProductsDepends on finish quality
Biological ResistanceEPS does not rot like woodHighratingMaterial propertyLowers maintenanceExterior/interiorStill protect finish required
Corrosion ResistanceFoam shell will not rustHighratingMaterial propertyAdvantage over unprotected steel skinsHumid/coastal areasAnchors may still require protection
Maintenance CycleRepaint/reseal as needed5–10 typicalyearsPaint maintenanceExtends service lifeExterior projectsClimate + color affect cycle
Service LifeExpected full-system life15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports lifecycle valueAll ProductsAssumes proper installation

 

Warm, coastal, and high-humidity climates present a compound durability challenge for exterior architectural products: wind-driven rain, sustained UV exposure, biological growth, salt-laden air, and diurnal thermal cycling all operate simultaneously and without interruption for the full service life of the installation.

Any material selection that addresses only one or two of these mechanisms while remaining vulnerable to the others will produce premature failure.

Our company EPS/polyurea products are engineered to resist all active degradation mechanisms in parallel, not in sequence.

The polyurea coating at 30–60 mils functions as a continuous elastomeric barrier — no seams, no capillary channels, no porous zones through which moisture can migrate to the EPS core.

With Shore D hardness of 40–70, it resists pedestrian-level mechanical impacts (tool contact, equipment brushing, incidental loading) at a level unachievable with conventional latex paint or fiberglass gelcoat.

The EPS core is chemically inert: it does not provide a metabolizable carbon source for fungal or bacterial colonization, does not react with moisture, and does not contain ferrous components capable of corrosion.

When joints and terminations are properly detailed and sealed, the assembled system delivers high moisture resistance performance even under sustained wind-driven rain exposure.

Competing Materials Fail by Documented Mechanisms

  • WOOD: Demands repainting every 3–5 years, chemical treatment against insect attack, and annual inspection for decay — cumulative 20-year maintenance expenditure routinely exceeds original installed cost.
  • PVC: Embrittles and discolors under UV in 7–10 years; thermal expansion mismatches at joints create pathways for water infiltration.
  • FIBERGLASS: Delaminates internally when the protective gelcoat is breached, a failure mode that is undetectable without non-destructive testing until visible surface collapse occurs.

Clients who specify our company products receive a warranted system service life of 15–25+ years, a predictable maintenance cycle of topcoat refinishing every 5–10 years, and resistance to biological, mechanical, UV, and moisture degradation that does not require the owner to manage multiple separate protection programs.

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EPS/Polyurea as a Fully Documentable System

RequirementDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS Material StandardFoam classificationType I / Type IIclassASTM C578Defines density/performance baselineAll EPS partsUse project-appropriate type
Water Absorption TestMoisture behavior referenceApplicabletestASTM C272Supports durability documentationExterior useUseful for submittals
Surface BurningFire performance referenceClassified by assemblyratingASTM E84Important in code reviewCommercial/interior conditionsDepends on full assembly
Florida Wind DesignWind exposure must be engineered120–180PSFFlorida Building CodeCritical for exterior approvalFlorida projectsFinal value depends on site + anchorage
Anchorage DesignFasteners and substrate must be checkedProject-specificdetailFBC / engineer of recordReal compliance is in attachmentExterior elementsDo not rely on foam alone
IBC CoordinationGeneral building code coordinationRequiredstatusIBC as adopted locallyEnsures broader code consistencyCommercial workUse local jurisdiction requirements
Flame Retardant EPSWhere required by spec/codeSpecify as neededstatusProject specSupports fire-related compliance strategyCommercial/interior useVerify exact project requirement
Permit DrawingsDimensions + attachment detailsRequiredstatusPermit processNeeded for approvalsCommercial / HOA / municipalPrepare submittal set
Engineering ReviewStamped review when requiredRequired by projectstatusEngineer of recordReduces approval riskFlorida exterior workEspecially high-wind zones
Sealant / Joint DetailingWeather management in assemblyRequiredstatusBest practice / project specAffects envelope behaviorExterior jointsNot optional in exposed conditions
Accessibility / ClearanceProducts must not conflict with circulationProject-specificdetailIBC/ADA as applicableField coordination issueWalkways/entriesDepends on placement
Local Jurisdiction ReviewCounty/city interpretation variesRequiredstatusLocal AHJMust be checked earlyAll permitted workNever assume one-size-fits-all

 

REGULATORY APPROVAL OF EXTERIOR ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS IS NOT A FORMALITY — it is a critical path item in the construction schedule.

Risk Factors:

A rejection from the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), a request for additional engineering data from the HOA, or a code-compliance question from the plan reviewer can delay a project by weeks, trigger contract penalty clauses, and require the design team to produce documentation under time pressure.

Strategy:

Selecting a material system with a complete, pre-existing compliance package is a direct risk mitigation strategy for the owner, developer, and general contractor.

Technical Standards & Submittals

ASTM Standards:

  • ASTM C578 classifies EPS foam by type and provides numerical values for density, compressive resistance, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity — the language of structural engineers and code reviewers.
  • ASTM C272 quantifies water absorption of cellular plastic insulation, providing the test data required for moisture-related code provisions.
  • ASTM E84 establishes surface burning characteristics for flame spread and smoke development, essential for commercial occupancies and interior code compliance.

Wind Load Requirements:

The Florida Building Code wind load requirements of 120–180 PSF (depending on exposure category and geographic location) are addressed through engineered anchorage design produced by a licensed professional engineer — not generic installation guidelines.

This stands in direct contrast to unstandardized wood assemblies, which have no unified certification system for decorative architectural elements, and to custom fiberglass products that frequently lack third-party material certification entirely.

Submittal Package:

Our company compliance package includes shop drawings with anchorage details, material specifications with ASTM references, engineering calculations for wind load resistance, and safety data sheets for all coating components — everything an AHJ, HOA, or municipal permitting office requires in a single submission.

Client Benefit:

Clients receive a product that passes code review on the first submission, eliminating the cost of re-engineering, resubmission fees, schedule delays, and legal exposure associated with non-compliant installations.

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Total Cost of Ownership Advantage of EPS/Polyurea Over Competing Systems

FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS Type I Cost BaseLower-cost core option1.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Improves entry priceBudget-sensitive decorative workUse where structurally appropriate
EPS Type II Cost BaseHigher-density core option2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Higher material cost but better robustnessPremium / larger piecesOften better value long-term
Polyurea UsageWorking coating thickness30–60milManufacturer specCoating is a major cost driverExterior elementsHigher mil = higher durability + cost
Weight SavingsSystem lighter than precast/concreteMajoradvant ageMaterial comparisonCuts shipping and handling costAll projectsA core EPS advantage
Labor SavingsLighter parts reduce installation labor2–4 typicalpeopleField practiceSpeeds site workProductsDepends on size
Equipment SavingsOften less lifting equipment than heavy materialsReducedneedField practiceLowers install costRetrofit/new constructionLarge pieces may still need support
Shipping EfficiencyMore pieces per shipment vs heavy masonryHighratingLogistics comparisonImproves delivered economicsRegional/national projectsPackaging still matters
Substrate Load ReductionLower dead load on structureHighratingEngineering logicCan reduce structural burdenRetrofits/façadesEspecially useful on existing buildings
Maintenance EfficiencyNo rot and low routine upkeepHighratingLifecycle comparisonBetter TCO than some wood systemsExterior useFinish maintenance still required
Replacement Cost RiskDamaged decorative parts can be replaced fasterMediumratingOperational logicReduces future disruptionCommercial/residentialDepends on attachment access
Customization EconomicsCNC shaping is efficient for custom geometriesHighratingManufacturing capabilityBetter than carving stone/wood manuallyCustom workStrong Royal Foam advantage
Lifecycle Value15–25+ year service potential15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports long-term ROIAll elementsWith proper finish maintenance

 

TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP AS THE TRUE ECONOMIC MEASURE

The economic case for any architectural material system cannot be made on unit purchase price alone.

The total cost of ownership (TCO) integrates:

  • Procurement
  • Freight
  • Handling
  • Installation labor
  • Unplanned repair
  • End-of-life replacement
  • Equipment rental
  • Routine maintenance

This applies over the full service life — a horizon of 15–25 years for exterior facade elements. On this complete accounting basis, our company’s EPS/polyurea products consistently outperform every competing material category, including wood, PVC, fiberglass, and precast concrete.

Installation and Freight Economics

Weight Advantage:

Installation economics are driven by weight. At 60–80% less mass than reinforced concrete and natural stone, our company products require:

  • No crane equipment
  • No reinforced substructure
  • No extended cure periods

Labor Efficiency:

A crew of 2–4 workers installs a typical product set in 4–8 hours, compared with multi-day schedules for masonry piers, precast elements assemblies, or cast-in-place concrete.

Freight Efficiency:

Freight economics follow directly: a given truck load carries significantly more EPS product by volume and by count than any masonry or stone alternative, reducing per-unit delivered cost.

CNC Production Efficiency:

CNC fabrication eliminates hand-finishing labor inherent to wood and stone production and produces consistent output with a near-zero defect rate:

  • No rework
  • No field modification
  • No waste from material variability

Custom Geometry Economics:

Custom geometry economics are fundamentally different for EPS/polyurea versus competing systems.

Competing Systems:

  • Fiberglass custom profiles require fabrication of molds and counter-molds at 2,000–15,000 per profile, with lead times of 3–8 weeks.
  • PVC custom extrusion dies carry comparable tooling costs.
  • Wood custom millwork requires specialized equipment, skilled labor, and extended production time.

Long-Term Maintenance Savings:

Long-term maintenance includes major advantages:

  • No rot means no chemical treatment programs.
  • No pest control contracts.
  • No emergency replacement of decayed elements.
  • Topcoat refinishing every 5–10 years is the only planned maintenance expenditure.
  • Individual damaged components can be replaced in isolation without disturbing adjacent elements.

Our company Advantage:

With our company, any geometry is milled directly from a digital model at no tooling premium — a single profile or a full production run carries the same per-unit fabrication cost structure.

Final Economic Result

On a 20-year TCO basis, our company delivers the lowest total cost of any equivalent architectural product category.

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EPS/Polyurea as a Construction Schedule Compression Tool

FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS Core WeightLighter core speeds handling1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Faster movement on siteAll elementsDensity still light relative to masonry
Coating CurePolyurea fast-set production advantageFast-setpropertyManufacturer specImproves shop throughputProduction phaseExact cure depends on system
Typical Install CrewSmall crew can often handle installs2–4peopleField practiceSupports speedMost elements jobsSize-dependent
Typical Install WindowCommon field install duration per elements set4–8hoursField estimateUseful for planningStandard projectsComplex jobs vary
Prefab ProductionElements sections arrive ready to fitHighratingManufacturing methodCuts field fabricationCommercial/residentialMajor advantage over site-built
Dry ConstructionLess wet-site labor than cast systemsHighratingMethod comparisonReduces delaysRetrofit/newHelpful for schedule-sensitive jobs
Reduced Site CleanupLower mess vs heavy masonry workHighratingField comparisonImproves productivityOccupied sitesImportant in retail/hospitality
Simplified ShapingCNC fabrication speeds custom geometryHighratingManufacturing capabilityFast custom iterationCustom elementsSupports design agility
Transport HandlingLighter freight easier to stageHighratingLogisticsSpeeds unloadingMulti-piece ordersProtect finish during handling
Anchor PrepPreplanned anchorage reduces field delaysProject-specificdetailInstallation planningCritical path itemExterior elementsCoordinate early
Finish CoordinationFactory-finished parts reduce field paintingOptionalstrategyProduction planningSaves on-site timeProjects needing quick turnoverTouch-up may still be needed
Schedule Compression ValueFaster install helps open projects soonerHighratingBusiness impactDirect client valueCommercial projectsStrong sales argument

 

IN COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION, SCHEDULE COMPRESSION IS A DIRECT REVENUE STRATEGY

Every day of accelerated project delivery reduces financing carrying costs, advances the revenue start date for the completed asset, and reduces general conditions expenditure — site supervision, temporary facilities, and overhead.

Facade element installation is frequently a schedule-critical activity: it gates exterior envelope closure, painting, and final inspections.

The material system selected for architectural products therefore has a direct and quantifiable impact on project economics, not just on installed appearance.

OUR COMPANY PREFABRICATED PRODUCTS ARRIVE ON SITE FULLY PROCESSED: EPS-SHAPED, POLYUREA-COATED, PRIMED, AND FINISH-COATED

There is no formwork to build, no concrete to pour, no cure period to observe, no wet-trade sequencing to coordinate.

Fast-cure polyurea coating systems reduce factory finishing cycle time to hours per production run — a throughput rate that fiberglass laminating and wood finishing operations cannot match.

Installation Comparison:

  • A typical installation of a complete product set requires a crew of 2–4 workers and 4–8 hours of on-site labor, versus multi-day or multi-week schedules for masonry piers, precast assemblies, or site-built wood elements.
  • The dry-installation method eliminates weather-dependent cure windows that routinely extend wet-trade schedules in high-humidity and rain-prone environments.

CNC FABRICATION PROVIDES AN ADDITIONAL SCHEDULE ADVANTAGE AT THE DESIGN STAGE

Custom profile geometry is produced by modifying a digital model and initiating a milling run — a process measured in hours, not the weeks required to fabricate new fiberglass molds or commission custom extrusion tooling.

When design changes occur late in the project timeline, Royal Foam can respond without a schedule penalty.

Logistics & ROI:

Prefabrication also reduces site congestion: fewer trades, less equipment, and a compressed installation window mean that other parallel activities on the critical path are not disrupted.
Clients receive a measurable construction schedule advantage, a documented reduction in general conditions cost during facade installation, and earlier building turnover — all direct contributions to project-level return on investment.

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EPS/Polyurea Delivers Design Freedom Unavailable in Competing Systems

FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
Diameter OptionsRound/square/tapered sizing flexibility10–36+inProject drawingsSupports many stylesAll elementsCustom sizes possible
Height OptionsCustom overall height capability8–24ftProject drawingsAllows project-specific proportioningEntries/porticosSegmented builds for taller elements
Elements StylesDoric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, customCustomstyleArchitectural intentExpands design appealClassical/custom workMajor differentiator
Elements StylesMultiple elements profilesCustomstyleArchitectural intentSupports architectural fitAll elementsCan match existing conditions
Elements GeometryRound, square, fluted, tapered, smoothCustomgeometryDesign drawingsWide spec rangeCommercial/residentialCNC-enabled
Texture OptionsSmooth, stone, faux finishesCustomfinishProject specImproves design flexibilityPremium façadesDepends on finish system
Color OptionsPainted to project paletteCustomcolorPaint specBrand/architectural matchingAll visible workColor affects maintenance cycle
Split / Wrap OptionsElements can be made as wraps around existing postsAvailableconfigurationManufacturing capabilityGreat for retrofitRenovation workStrong practical value
Multi-Part FabricationLarge elements built in sectionsAvailablemethodManufacturing methodMakes shipping/install practicalOversized elementsJoint detailing matters
Matching Existing ArchitectureCustom profiles from photos/drawingsAvailableserviceDesign workflowHigh-value service for restorationHistoric/custom homesPremium offering
Integrated Decorative BandsAdd rings, reveals, trim featuresCustomfeatureDesign drawingsBoosts visual distinctionLuxury/commercialGood upsell
Specification FlexibilityCan tailor density, coat, finish, attachmentProject-specificpackageProject requirementsLets product match use caseB2B specificationsImportant for architects

CUSTOMIZATION IS BUILT INTO THE PROCESS

Architectural customization is not a feature added to the EPS/polyurea production process — it is inherent to the CNC milling technology on which the process is elements.

A CNC mill operates from a three-dimensional digital model and reproduces any geometry the model defines, at the same per-unit cost regardless of profile complexity.

Manufacturing Advantages:

  • No tooling penalty for unique geometry.
  • No minimum run size for custom profiles.
  • No dimensional constraint imposed by the manufacturing process itself.

WIDE GEOMETRIC AND SURFACE CAPABILITIES PRECISION REPRODUCTION

The practical range of geometric parameters is extensive.
Architectural orders — Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and composite — are reproduced from measured drawings or high-resolution reference photography to profile tolerances of ±3 mm.

Contemporary and proprietary profiles developed by the project architect are produced directly from CAD files without intermediate tooling.

Dimensional Range:

Dimensional range extends from slender decorative elements to large-scale architectural components exceeding 900 mm in cross-section and 7.3 m in height, fabricated in interlocking segments for shipping and field assembly.

Surface Treatments

Surface treatments include:

  • Smooth paint-ready finishes.
  • Faux stone textures.
  • Custom tactile profiles.
  • Applied decorative bands.

All achievable within the same production system.

Renovation and Wrap Applications

The wrap configuration — EPS/polyurea cladding fabricated to enclose an existing structural post or elements — extends the application of Royal Foam products to renovation and restoration work where structural elements are already in place.

This single capability addresses a major gap in the competing product range: Fiberglass and PVC do not offer field-adaptable wrap systems.

Wood wraps are limited by available lumber dimensions and remain vulnerable to the same decay mechanisms as solid wood elements.

Direct Competitive Comparison

Custom fiberglass profiles require mold fabrication at $2,000–
15,000 per profile with 3–8 week lead times.

Custom PVC requires extrusion die investment with comparable cost and timeline.

Custom stone or wood millwork involves manual production at hourly craft rates with high variability.

Our company custom product is priced and scheduled on the same basis as standard product.

Final Client Benefit

Clients receive architectural elements that precisely match the design specification:

  • No dimensional compromise.
  • No design simplification.
  • No cost penalty for doing the project right.
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EPS/Polyurea as a Fully Designable Technical System

FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS Density SelectionEngineering starts with correct foam density1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Affects compression and handlingAll elementsSpecify by use case
Wind Load DesignExterior performance target120–180PSFFlorida Building CodeCritical engineering driverFlorida elementsDepends on exposure + anchorage
Polyurea ThicknessProtective shell design range30–60milManufacturer specMajor role in surface performanceExterior elementsRoyal Foam Working Range
Compressive StrengthDensity-dependent EPS resistanceApprox. 10–25psiASTM C578Useful baseline for core behaviorAll elementsHigher density generally stronger
Attachment DesignAnchorage must transfer real loadsProject-specificdetailEngineer of recordMost important structural detailExterior installsSubstrate governs solution
Substrate ReviewCMU, wood, steel, concrete behave differentlyRequiredstatusEngineering practiceControls fastener designRetrofit/newAlways verify field conditions
Joint EngineeringSection seams need bonding + sealingRequiredstatusInstallation best practiceAffects long-term integrityTall/segmented elementsDo not treat as cosmetic only
Tolerance ControlShop precision improves fit and appearance±1/8 typicalinQC practiceReduces reworkCustom elementsImportant for wrap installs
CAD / CNC WorkflowDigital production supports repeatabilityYescapabilityManufacturing workflowHigher accuracy and customizationAll custom workA major differentiator
Detailing PackageShop drawings/sections/install detailsAvailableserviceProject workflowSpeeds approvals + installB2B projectsValuable for architects/GCs
Value EngineeringSystem can be optimized by density/coat/detailAvailableserviceEngineering workflowImproves budget-performance balanceCommercial projectsStrong sales tool
Field CoordinationEngineering must match actual site conditionsRequiredstatusConstruction practicePrevents failures and delaysEvery projectNever skip verification

 

Documentability as the Core Engineering Criterion

The defining criterion for material selection in engineered construction is documentability: the ability to assign specific, defensible numerical values to material properties, use those values in structural calculations, and have the resulting design reviewed and approved by a licensed engineer and the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Why Competing Materials Fall Short

  • WOOD: Wood fails this criterion for decorative architectural elements because its properties vary by species, moisture content, grain orientation, and defect distribution. Reference standards such as the NDS provide design value ranges, not precise values.
  • FIBERGLASS: Custom fiberglass often fails because the fabricator cannot provide certified laminate property data for third-party engineering review.
  • PVC: PVC is classified as a non-structural thermoplastic and is not used in engineered resistance calculations for wind or gravity loads.

EPS/polyurea is the only system in this competitive set that can be fully characterized, parameterically adjusted, and submitted to engineering review with complete material documentation.

PARAMETER-BASED ENGINEERING DESIGN

Our company system is engineered by parameter selection, not by default.

EPS Core Selection:

  • Type I: 1.0 lb/ft³, compressive resistance approximately 10 psi per ASTM C578.
  • Type II: 2.0 lb/ft³, compressive resistance approximately 25 psi.

Selection is based on service load requirements, exposure conditions, and substrate configuration.

POLYUREA SPECIFICATION

Polyurea coating thickness is specified in the range of 30–60 mils based on:

Impact exposure

  • Moisture risk classification.
  • Durability requirements for the specific installation.
  • Anchorage Engineering.

Anchorage Engineering

Anchorage design is produced by the engineer of record, with fastener type, spacing, and embedment depth calculated for wind pressures of 120–180 PSF per the Florida Building Code, accounting for: CMU, Wood framing, Structural steel, Cast concrete, Element geometry, and Digital Accuracy.

CAD/CNC digital workflow ensures that fabricated geometry matches the engineered drawings to ±3 mm tolerance across every unit in the production run.

COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION PACKAGE

Our company technical documentation package includes:

  • Shop drawings with all anchorage details and section cuts.
  • Complete material specification with ASTM standard references for every component.
  • Engineering calculations stamped by a Florida-licensed professional engineer when required.
  • Installation guidelines coordinated with AHJ submittal requirements.

CLIENT AND APPROVAL BENEFITS

This package allows a structural engineer of record to defend the installation to any reviewing authority, and allows the owner to verify that the installed system performs to its calculated wind resistance rating specification.

Clients do not receive a product — they receive a fully engineered system with documented design basis, traceable material properties, and professional engineering accountability at every level of the specification.

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EPS/Polyurea as a Fully Designable Technical System

FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
EPS DensityCore density affects dent resistance1.0 / 2.0b/ft³ASTM C578Higher density improves robustnessAll elements2.0 better where abuse is higher
Polyurea ThicknessPrimary hard coat thickness30–60milManufacturer specMajor durability driverExterior elementsRoyal Foam Working Range
Water AbsorptionEPS water absorptionLowqualitativeASTM C272Helps in humid environmentsExterior/interiorSystem still needs sealed finish
Moisture ResistanceCoated system resists rain splashHighratingFinish systemFlorida suitabilityExterior elementsSeams must be sealed
UV ExposureFinish must resist sun degradationRequires topcoatsystemPaint specAffects color lifeExterior in FloridaPolyurea should be topcoated
Impact ResistanceCoating helps resist minor impactMedium to highratingCoating specImportant at pedestrian levelRetail/commercialNot equivalent to solid concrete
Crack ControlJoint detailing reduces cracking riskProject-specificdetailInstallation best practicePreserves appearanceSegmented buildsMovement joints may be needed
Abrasion ResistanceHard shell resists scuffingHighratingCoating specUseful in touch-prone areasEntry elementsDepends on finish quality
Biological ResistanceEPS does not rot like woodHighratingMaterial propertyLowers maintenanceExterior/interiorStill protect finish required
Corrosion ResistanceFoam shell will not rustHighratingMaterial propertyAdvantage over unprotected steel skinsHumid/coastal areasAnchors may still require protection
Maintenance CycleRepaint/reseal as needed5–10 typicalyearsPaint maintenanceExtends service lifeExterior projectsClimate + color affect cycle
Service LifeExpected full-system life15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports lifecycle valueAll elementsAssumes proper installation

Aesthetics as an Economic Variable

Architectural aesthetics function as a measurable economic variable. Studies of the U.S. commercial and residential real estate market consistently demonstrate that high-quality facade detailing:

  • Increases perceived property value by 5–15%.
  • Reduces time-on-market for sale or lease transactions.

For developers and property owners, the selection of architectural products that deliver premium visual quality is not a design preference — it is a elements allocation decision with a calculable return.

Our company products are specified for this reason by architects, developers, and restoration professionals who understand that facade quality is directly priced by the market.

PRECISION ARCHITECTURAL REPRODUCTION

Our company architectural products reproduce classical and contemporary architectural language at a level of precision that competing systems cannot achieve in production.

Geometry Quality

Capital and base projection geometry — the shadow-casting elements that establish architectural order and visual hierarchy — is milled to profile depths of 25–150 mm with edge sharpness and symmetry that extrusion, laminating, or handwork cannot consistently replicate at scale.

Surface Quality

The surface is delivered:

  • Smooth.
  • Pore-free.
  • Free of process artifacts.
  • No exposed glass fiber.
  • No resin streaking.
  • No tool marks.
  • No grain telegraphing through the finish.

This surface quality is essential for:

  • High-specular architectural paint systems.
  • Professional photography of the completed building.
  • Architectural uplighting.

All of which depend on a defect-free substrate to perform as designed.

Proportion and Design Consistency

Proportion control — the ratio of elements projection that defines architectural order — is maintained by digital model and CNC production, not by skilled tradesperson judgment.

This means that every unit in a project, regardless of production sequence or crew, matches the architect’s specified proportions exactly.

Surface and Color Flexibility

Surface texture options extend from smooth through faux stone to fully custom tactile profiles, allowing the facade system to match the material language of the broader architectural composition.

Color specification is unlimited — any RAL, Munsell, or custom mixed topcoat can be applied to the polyurea shell, providing exact palette coordination with adjacent facade materials.

Final Market Benefit

Clients receive a finished architectural product that:

  • Strengthens the developer’s brand identity.
  • Supports premium pricing.
  • Supports higher occupancy rates for the completed asset.

Delivers long-term visual impact that does not degrade with age under normal service and maintenance conditions.

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CSI MasterFormat

Technical specification

1. Summary

CSI Master Format Section 06 60 00 — Plastic Fabrications / Architectural Foam Systems

Unless specifically engineered and documented by a licensed structural engineer, decorative products specified in this section are non-structural architectural elements and shall not be considered primary load-bearing components.

This section specifies requirements for custom fabricated architectural foam systems manufactured by our company, Jacksonville, Florida.

1.1 Applications

Products are designed for:

  • Commercial construction
  • Institutional construction
  • Hospitality construction
  • Retail construction
  • Residential construction
1.2 System Composition

All systems consist of:

  • Engineered foam cores — Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), Polyurethane (PU/PIR), or hybrid composite configurations
  • High-performance polyurea elastomer protective coatings
  • Exterior architectural finish systems
Systems included in this section:
ComponentDescriptionValueUnit
EPS CorePrimary shaped body1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³
Adhesive LayerLaminates foam sectionsConstruction-gradesystem
Polyurea ShellPrimary hard protective coat30–60mil
Base PrimerPromotes coating bond1 coatlayer
Finish CoatPaint or decorative finish2 coatslayer
ProductsTop architectural elementCustomdimension
ProductsMain cylindrical/tapered bodyCustomdimension
2 Basis Of Design

Design of all architectural foam systems specified herein is based on products manufactured and engineered by our company, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Our company operates as:

  • An engineering-driven manufacturing platform
  • Over 25 years of experience
  • 10,000+ completed projects

In-house capability for:

  • Structural design
  • CNC fabrication
  • Polyurea coating
  • Full project lifecycle support
CategoryDetails
ManufacturerDecorative Architectural Shapes
Headquarters 4225 James E Casey Dr, Unit #5
Westside Industrial Park,
Jacksonville, FL 32219
Engineering Experience25+ years / 10,000+ projects
Production CapabilityCNC hot-wire EPS cutting, precision 3D routing, high-pressure polyurea spray systems
Market ServedCommercial, institutional, hospitality, retail, residential — nationwide B2B
Delivery CapabilityNationwide; typical lead time 7–14 business days
Quality Assurance
Icon 51Lightweight

Up to 90% lighter than stone or precast concrete

Icon 52Impact Resistance

Mechanical impact · surface abrasion · installation damage

Weather Resistance

Moisture · freeze-thaw · UV
degradation · thermal

Icon 53Long-term Durability

Structural integrity under exterior
commercial conditions

Coastal Compatible

High humidity · salt exposure · elevated UV radiation

3 Related Sections — Coordination
  • 03 30 00 Cast-in-Place Concrete — substrate and support structures
  • 05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing — internal armatures for large-scale elements
  • 06 10 00 Rough Carpentry — wood nailers, blocking, backing substrates
  • 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation — coordinate where foam serves dual thermal/ architectural function
  • 07 24 00 Exterior Insulation & Finish Systems (EIFS) — coordinate with façade panel systems
  • 07 92 00 Joint Sealants — perimeter and joint sealing at architectural foam elements
  • 09 24 00 Portland Cement Stucco — alternate finish coat over polyurea base
  • 09 90 00 Painting and Coating Systems — finish coat color matching
  • 10 14 00 Signage — coordinate with monument sign and 3D branding elements
  • 12 36 00 Countertops — coordinate where custom foam elements integrate with millwork
4 References & Applicable Standards
  • ASTM C578 Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation — Types I through XV
  • ASTM D6817 Standard Specification for Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam
  • ASTM C591 Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
  • ASTM C1029 Standard Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal Insulation
  • ASTM D1621 Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics
  • ASTM D1623 Standard Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics
  • ASTM C273 Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
  • ASTM D412 Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers — Tension
  • ASTM D2240 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property — Durometer Hardness
  • ASTM D4541 Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
  • ASTM D4065 Standard Practice for Plastics — Classification — Application of Polyurea Coating Systems
  • ASTM E84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (Tunnel Test)
  • ASTM E90 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Partitions
  • ASTM C423 Standard Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients
  • ASTM G154 Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
  • ASTM C518 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
  • ASCE 7-22 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
  • IBC 2021 International Building Code — Section 2603: Foam Plastic Insulation
  • IFC 2021 International Fire Code
  • ICC-ES AC71 Acceptance Criteria for Foam Plastic Insulation in Continuous Insulation Applications
  • NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
  • FM 4474 Approval Standard for Evaluating the Simulated Wind Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies
  • CSI Master Format 2016 Edition — Division 06 Wood, Plastics, and Composites

5 Performance Requirements — All Systems

Structural Performance

All architectural foam systems shall be designed and fabricated to withstand applicable structural loads including:

  • Self-weight
  • Installation loads
  • Wind-induced pressures
  • Impact loads appropriate to the application and occupancy

Systems required to resist wind loads shall comply with ASCE 7-22 for the design wind speed and exposure category of the project site.
Structural calculations shall be prepared by a licensed Professional Engineer where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

Wind Load Resistance

Exterior architectural elements shall be designed for component and cladding (C&C) wind pressures per ASCE 7-22 Chapter 30.
Attachment systems, fastener schedules, and foam core shear/compressive strength shall be verified against design wind pressures with a minimum safety factor of 3.0 per ICC-ES AC71.

FM-rated assemblies shall be provided where required by insurer or AHJ.

Refer to Part 4 — Wind Load Reference Data.

Thermal Performance

Where foam elements serve a thermal insulation function, R-values shall comply with the energy code requirements of the applicable jurisdiction.

  • EPS Type II (1.35 pcf) provides R-4.17 per inch
  • EPS Type IX (1.80 pcf) provides R-4.35 per inch
  • PU closed-cell systems provide R-6.0 to R-6.5 per inch per ASTM C518 at 75°F

Thermal Performance

Polyurea protective coating system shall provide a continuous waterproof membrane over all exposed foam surfaces.
Coating system shall resist:

  • Moisture penetration
  • Freeze-thaw cycling
  • UV degradation

Water vapor permeance of coating system shall be compatible with wall assembly vapor control requirements.

Coastal and high-humidity installations shall specify enhanced UV-stable exterior finish coatings.

Acoustic Performance

Where acoustic separation or sound control is required, foam systems shall be specified in conjunction with appropriate wall/floor/ceiling assemblies.

  • Open-cell polyurethane spray foam provides NRC 0.70–0.95 at 2″–4″ thickness
  • For assemblies required to achieve STC 50 per IBC Section 1207, foam fill shall be used in conjunction with appropriate framing, gypsum wallboard, and resilient channel systems
    Refer to Part 4 — Acoustic Performance Data.

Dimensional Stability

Foam core materials shall maintain dimensional stability under the full range of service temperatures anticipated at the project location.

  • EPS materials shall comply with ASTM C578 requirements for dimensional stability
  • Polyurea coating system shall accommodate thermal expansion and contraction without cracking, delamination, or loss of adhesion over the service life of the installation

Impact & Abrasion Resistance

Polyurea coating system shall provide:

  • Shore D hardness ≥ 55 per ASTM D2240
  • Tensile strength of coating ≥ 2,500 psi per ASTM D412
  • Elongation at break ≥ 200% per ASTM D412
  • Adhesion to EPS substrate ≥ 250 psi pull-off strength per ASTM D4541

UV Stability

Exterior finish coating systems shall be UV-stable and shall not exhibit:

  • Significant color shift
  • Chalking
  • Loss of gloss under accelerated UV weathering per ASTM G154.

All foam materials shall be protected from direct UV exposure within 30 days of installation by application of appropriate finish coatings or cladding systems.

Weight Efficiency

Architectural foam systems shall provide weight reduction of up to 90 percent compared to equivalent stone, precast concrete, or cast stone elements, thereby reducing structural dead loads and facilitating accelerated installation.

 

6 Submittals

Product Data

Manufacturer technical documentation including material composition, density range, fabrication process description, coating system data sheets, and installation guidelines.

Include ASTM test reports for EPS (C578), polyurea coating (D412, D2240, D4541, E84), and thermal performance (C518) as applicable.

Shop Drawings

Project-specific shop drawings for each custom element.

Include plan, elevation, and section views with all dimensions; connection and attachment details; internal armature or mounting hardware; joint locations and configurations; and installation sequence.

Engineering Calculations

Where required by project specifications or AHJ: structural calculations by licensed PE verifying foam core adequacy, attachment capacity, and wind load resistance.

Include design wind speed, exposure category, and C&C pressure calculations per ASCE 7-22.

Astm E84 Test Reports

Current ASTM E84 flame spread and smoke developed test reports for foam and coating system as installed, at the thickness and density specified.

Samples

Finish coating samples on minimum 6″ x 6″ EPS substrate, illustrating texture, color, and sheen level. Provide color range samples where multiple finish options are offered.

Warranty Documentation

Executed warranty document per Section 1.10 prior to Substantial Completion.

7 Quality Assurance

Manufacturer shall be a firm with not less than 10 years of continuous experience fabricating custom architectural foam elements for commercial construction projects. Manufacturer shall demonstrate the following in-house capabilities:

  • CNC hot-wire EPS cutting systems capable of producing complex three-dimensional profiles.
  • Precision multi-axis CNC routing and profiling equipment.
  • High-pressure plural-component polyurea spray coating systems.
  • In-house structural design and CAD/3D modeling capability.
  • Direct collaboration capability with project architects, engineers, and contractors.
  • Quality management system with documented inspection procedures at each production stage.
  • Capability to provide design modifications during production without schedule impact.
  • Pre-assembled delivery systems reducing field installation cost and time.

8 Delivery, Storage & Handling

  • Deliver products in manufacturer’s packaging with identification labels intact. Inspect upon delivery and document any damage before accepting shipment.
  • Store foam elements in a dry, sheltered location protected from precipitation, direct sunlight, and temperatures below -20°F or above 140°F. Store flat on clean, level supports. Do not stack elements in a manner that causes deformation or surface damage.
  • Free product storage at our manufacturing facility is available for clients not yet ready for installation — contact us for terms.
  • Handle elements with clean gloves or padding to prevent surface damage to finish coatings. Do not drag elements on abrasive surfaces.
9 Warranty

Decorative Architectural Shapes warrants that products furnished under this section shall be free from defects in:

  • materials
  • fabrication

for a period of:

  • 5 years from the date of Substantial Completion for standard systems
  • 10 years for enhanced coating systems

against delamination of polyurea coating from EPS substrate under normal service conditions.

Warranty Excludes Damage From:

  • improper installation
  • vandalism
  • impact beyond design parameters
  • chemical exposure not specified
  • UV degradation where finish coating is not maintained per manufacturer recommendations.
General Disclaimer — Limitation Of Liability

The preparers of this document make no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, currentness, or suitability of any information contained herein for any particular application.

Building codes, material requirements, allowable loads, fire safety classifications, acoustic performance standards, and wind load provisions vary significantly by:

  • state,
  • county,
  • municipality,
  • and local jurisdiction,
    and are subject to change with adoption of new code editions or local amendments.

This document does not constitute:

  • an engineering report,
  • professional design document,
  • certified test report,
  • code compliance determination,
  • or legally binding specification of any kind.

The preparers, authors, and distributors of this document expressly disclaim any and all liability for any loss, damage, claim, or expense — direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential — arising from the use of or reliance on any information contained herein.

Eps Core Material — Properties By Astm Type & Density

EPS core material shall comply with ASTM C578. Select density type based on design loads, coating system, and project performance requirements.

ASTM TypeNom. Density (lb/ft³)Compressive Str. 10% (psi)Flexural Str. (psi)Shear Str. (psi)R-value/ inchTypical Application
Type I
(EPS15)
0.90–1.1410–1425–3018–223.85General decorative elements, signage cores, interior applications
Type VIII
(EPS19)
1.15–1.3413–1830–3823–253.92Moderate-load decorative elements, exterior columns ≤30 ft
Type II
(EPS22)
1.35–1.7915–2140–5026–324.17Standard exterior architectural elements, SIP cores, façade panels
Type IX
(EPS29)
1.80–2.2025–3350–7533–374.35High-load columns, roofing elements, wind zone 3+ applications
Type XIV
(EPS39)
2.40–2.8035–5060–9040–484.50Heavy structural panels, bridge deck formwork, extreme wind zones
Type XV
(EPS46)
2.80–3.5050–7575–11048–604.60Maximum structural demand; SIP cores for hurricane-rated assemblies
Polyurethane / Pir Core Material — Properties By Type
Type / StandardDensity (lb/ft³)Cell TypeCompressive Str. 10% (psi)R-value/ inchPrimary Use
PU Open-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type I)0.4–0.6Open0.1–0.53.7Cavity fill, air sealing, acoustic absorption (NRC 0.70–0.95)
PU Closed-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type II)1.5–2.0Closed20–356.2Continuous insulation, air/vapor barrier, structural cavity fill
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type II)2.5Closed356.1High-R ci panels, roof insulation, structural panels
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type III)3.0Closed456.3High-load ci, commercial roofing, hurricane-zone applications
HD Rigid PU (ASTM C591 Type VI)6.0Closed1255.8Industrial, cold storage, maximum structural demand
Protective Polyurea Coating System

Polyurea protective coating shall be a 100% solids, two-component, aromatic or aliphatic polyurea elastomer system applied by high-pressure, heated plural-component spray quipment. Coating shall be applied to all exposed EPS or PU foam surfaces prior to application of architectural finish coats..

PropertyTest MethodRequirementUnit
Coating Thickness — StandardDFT gauge20–40mil
Coating Thickness — Heavy-dutyDFT gauge60–120mil
Tensile Strength (min.)ASTM D412≥ 2,500psi
Elongation at Break (min.)ASTM D412≥ 200%
Shore D HardnessASTM D224055–75
Adhesion to EPS — Pull-off (min.)ASTM D4541≥ 250psi
Flame Spread Index (max.)ASTM E84≤ 25
Smoke Developed Index (max.)ASTM E84≤ 450
UV Weathering ResistanceASTM G154Pass — 1,000 hr min
Water Absorption (max.)ASTM D570≤ 1% by weight
Service Temperature Range-40 to +200°F
Gel Time (fast system)3–7seconds
Tack-Free Time< 30seconds
Product Category Specifications

Architectural Columns

  • Types: Round, Square, Tapered (entasis), Classical Orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, Composite)
  • Diameter range: 4 inches to 60 inches; custom sizes available
  • Height: up to 40 feet in sectional assembly; single-piece up to 14 feet
  • Core: EPS Type II minimum (Type IX recommended for exterior/coastal); PU/PIR available on request

  • Sections: single-piece or sectional with concealed staggered slip-joint connections

  • Bases and capitals: integrated or separate; classical profiles per architect’s drawings

  • Internal reinforcement: steel pipe armature available for structural continuity where required by PE

  • Finish: polyurea base coat + exterior architectural topcoat; smooth, textured, or custom profiles

  • Applications: porticos, colonnades, entryways, façade features, resort/hospitality, monument structures

Decorative Beams, Brackets & Corbels

  • Types: exposed ceiling beams, faux timber posts, wall brackets, structural-look corbels, rafter tails

  • Profiles: rectangular, tapered, hand-hewn texture, smooth architectural, custom cross-sections

  • Dimensions: custom per drawings; typical spans up to 20 feet in single piece

  • Core: EPS Type II or Type IX depending on exposed span and load requirements

  • Surface: textured polyurea replicating wood grain, stone, or custom architectural finish

  • Hollow or solid construction; hollow beams suitable for concealed electrical/mechanical routing

  • Mounting: internal blocking nailers or through-bolt attachment systems per structural requirements

Facade Panels & Cladding Systems

  • Types: flat insulated panels, profiled architectural panels, lap siding profiles, wainscot systems

  • Core: EPS Type II or Type IX; PU/PIR closed-cell for high-R applications

  • Panel size: custom to project; standard modules available; maximum CNC billet size 36″x48″x192″

  • Thermal performance: R-8 to R-30+ depending on core type and thickness

  • Surface: textured polyurea + exterior architectural finish; faux stone, brick, wood, or smooth

  • Attachment: mechanical fastener systems per ICC-ES AC71; adhesive-mechanical hybrid available

  • Wind load compliance: design per ASCE 7-22 with engineering calculations provided by Royal Foam

Cornices, Moldings, Trim & Surrounds

  • Types: crown molding, bed molding, band molding, window surrounds, door surrounds, keystones

  • Profile library: classical profiles plus full custom CNC-profiled geometry per architect’s drawings

  • Core: EPS Type I minimum; Type II recommended for exterior applications

  • Typical thickness range: 1 inch to 12 inches projection; lengths to 20 feet

  • Joints: mitered, scarfed, or overlapping; sealed with compatible flexible sealant

  • Finish: smooth painted, textured stucco-look, stone-replicated, or custom architectural coatings

  • Compatibility with EIFS, stucco, painted wood, and standard exterior finish systems

Monument Signs & 3D Branding Structures

  • Types: freestanding monument signs, dimensional lettering, 3D logo structures, entry pylons

  • Core: EPS or PU/PIR depending on structural requirements and exposure conditions

  • Dimensional lettering: any font, any size; maximum practical height 8 feet per letter

  • Sign cabinet depth: custom from 2 inches to 36 inches relief

  • Surface: polyurea base + paint/coating for weather resistance; illumination cutouts available

  • Internal steel armature and base plate anchor systems per structural engineer’s drawings

  • Applications: retail, hospitality, real estate, institutional, municipal entry features

Faux Material Systems

  • Faux Wood: EPS or PU core with hand-textured polyurea replicating cedar, oak, pine, weathered timber

  • Faux Stone: irregular profiles replicating limestone, fieldstone, sandstone, cut stone

  • Faux Brick: modular panel or individual unit profiles; mortar joint detail available

  • Faux Concrete: board-formed, broom-finished, or smooth architectural concrete texture

  • Color: integral pigmented topcoats; multi-tone hand-stained finishes available

  • Performance: fully waterproof; significantly lighter than real material counterparts

  • Applications: interior accent walls, exterior feature walls, retail/hospitality environments

Custom Sculptural & Artistic Elements

  • Capability: fully custom three-dimensional forms from digital files (STL, OBJ, DXF)

  • Typical projects: themed environments, retail experiential installations, large-scale sculptures

  • Core: EPS Type II or higher; PU/PIR for complex thin-wall geometries

  • Maximum single-piece dimensions: 36″ x 48″ x 192″ (billet); larger elements sectional assembly

  • Digital-to-physical workflow: client supplies 3D model; Royal Foam engineers toolpath and produces

  • Finish: polyurea + custom coating matching any architectural or brand color specification

Structural Insulated Panel (Sip) Cores

  • Core materials: EPS Type II, Type IX, or PU/PIR closed-cell per structural requirements

  • Core thickness: 3.5 to 12.25 inches standard; custom thicknesses available

  • Core R-values: EPS R-14 to R-50+; PU/PIR R-21 to R-80+ depending on thickness and type

  • Facings: OSB, plywood, steel, aluminum, fiber cement, or custom facings bonded by others

  • Dimensional tolerance: ±1/8″ per 10 feet per ASTM C578 dimensional stability requirements

  • Applications: wall panels, roof panels, floor panels, cold storage construction

  • Engineering: structural calculations for SIP assemblies available from Royal Foam engineering

1 Examination

  • Verify that supporting structures, substrates, and mounting surfaces are plumb, level, and aligned within tolerances required for product installation.
  • Confirm that substrates are structurally adequate to receive design attachment loads including dead load of foam elements and design wind pressures.
  • Verify that rough openings, blocking, nailers, and embedded anchors are properly positioned per approved shop drawings before beginning installation.
  • Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected. Report discrepancies to Architect before proceeding.

2 Preparation

  • Clean all mounting surfaces of dust, oil, form release, and debris that could impair adhesive bond or fastener engagement.
  • Install any required blocking, shims, or leveling plates. Protect adjacent finish surfaces from adhesive, sealant, and coating overspray.
  • Prime surfaces where required by adhesive or coating manufacturer.

3 Installation — General

  • Install all elements per manufacturer’s written installation instructions and approved shop drawings.
  • Maintain plumb and level tolerances of ±1/8″ per 10 feet of height.
  • Assemble sectional elements using manufacturer -recommended adhesives and concealed mechanical fasteners. Stagger joints a minimum of 12 inches from adjacent section joints.
  • Install internal armatures and mounting hardware before applying outer elements. Conceal all structural hardware within finished elements.
  • Apply compatible flexible sealant at all joints between architectural foam elements and adjacent construction. Tool joints to produce smooth, consistent bead.
  • Apply touch-up finish coatings to match factory -applied coatings at field cuts, joints, and any areas of installation damage. Match color, texture, and sheen.
  • Do not install foam elements within 3 inches of heat-emitting devices, chimneys, or unprotected luminaires without thermal protection per IBC 2603

4 Installation — Columns Specific

  • Set column base on pre-leveled bearing surface. Align base to column centerline marked on substrate. Secure base with anchor bolts or adhesive per shop drawings.
  • Install column shaft sections from base upward. Check plumb in two directions at each section. Apply adhesive at mating surfaces before joining.
  • Install capital with adhesive and concealed fasteners. Align capital to column axis.
  • At sectional assemblies exceeding 16 feet height, verify that internal armature continuity is maintained through all sections before applying outer foam elements.

5 Field Quality Control

  • Inspect installed elements for plumb, level, and alignment per tolerances specified.
  • Verify coating continuity at all joints, penetrations, and field-cut surfaces.
  • Confirm sealant joints are fully tooled with no voids or gaps.
  • Document any deviations from approved shop drawings and obtain Architect acceptance before Substantial Completion.

6 Cleaning & Protection

  • Remove construction debris, adhesive residue, and coating overspray from installed elements.
  • Use only mild detergent and water for final cleaning. Do not use abrasive cleaners, solvents, or high-pressure washers that may damage protective coatings.
  • Protect installed elements from construction traffic and subsequent trades until project Substantial Completion using temporary padding or protective coverings.

EPS Geofoam · R-Values · Polyurea Performance · Wind Load · Fire Safety · Acoustic

1 Eps Geofoam Data — Astm D6817 Properties

EPS Geofoam per ASTM D6817 — applicable for geotechnical, below-grade, and structural fill applications. Also reference basis for high-density EPS specified in structural architectural applications.

PropertyUnitsEPS14 Type IXEPS16 Type IEPS19 Type VIIIEPS22 Type IIEPS39 Type XIVEPS39 Type XIVEPS46 Type XV
Min. Densitylb/ft³0.700.901.151.351.802.402.85
Min. Densitykg/m³11141822293845
Comp. Res. @10% def.psi5.610.216.019.629.040.050.0
Comp. Res. @1% def.psi0.40.71.11.42.73.54.3
Comp. Res. @5% def.psi2.23.05.67.310.915.018.8
Flexural Moduluspsi220400540730101015001900
Flexural Str. (min.)psi1025.030.030.050.060.075.0
Water Absorption (max.)vol%4.04.03.03.02.52.02.0
Oxygen Index (min.)%24.024.024.024.024.024.024.0
Buoyancy Forcelb/ft³61.761.561.361.160.060.059.5

2 Eps & Pu Foam R-Values By Type & Thickness (Astm C518 75°F)

Thickness (in)EPS Type I 0.9 pcfEPS Type II 1.35 pcfEPS Type IX 1.80 pcfPU Open-cell 0.5 lbPU Closed-cell 2.0 lbPU Rigid PIR 3.0 lb
1″3.94.24.33.76.26.3
1-1/2″5.86.36.55.59.39.4
2″7.78.38.77.412.412.6
3″11.612.513.011.118.618.9
4″15.416.717.414.824.825.2
5″19.220.921.818.531.031.5
6″23.125.026.122.237.237.8
8″30.833.434.829.649.650.4

3 Fire Safety Data Summary — Astm E84 / Ibc 2603

ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Compressive Str. (psi)Allow. Roof Uplift (psf)Max Wind Speed Exp C (mph)IBC Reference
EPS Type I0.9010–1418–2390–1001-30 to 1-45
EPS Type II1.3515–2127–35110–1201-60 to 1-75
EPS Type IX1.8025–3333–45120–1351-75 to 1-90
PU CC SPF 2.02.020–3538–47125–1351-60 to 1-75
PU Rigid 3.03.04553–60140–1551-90 to 1-120
PU HD 6.06.012580–88165–1751-120 to 1-150+

Values based on ICC-ES AC71 methodology, SF = 3.0. Actual design pressures are site-specific and must be calculated by licensed PE using ASCE 7-22 for project location, risk category, and exposure.

4 Wind Load Quick Reference — Asce 7-22 / Icc-Es Ac71

ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Compressive Str. (psi)Allow. Roof Uplift (psf)Max Wind Speed Exp C (mph)IBC Reference
EPS Type I0.9010–1418–2390–1001-30 to 1-45
EPS Type II1.3515–2127–35110–1201-60 to 1-75
EPS Type IX1.8025–3333–45120–1351-75 to 1-90
PU CC SPF 2.02.020–3538–47125–1351-60 to 1-75
PU Rigid 3.03.04553–60140–1551-90 to 1-120
PU HD 6.06.012580–88165–1751-120 to 1-150+

Values based on ICC-ES AC71 methodology, SF = 3.0. Actual design pressures are site-specific and must be calculated by licensed PE using ASCE 7-22 for project location, risk category, and exposure.

Decorative Architectural Shapes Engineering Services · Code Compliance · Submittal Support

1 Decorative Architectural Shapes Engineering Services

Cad / 3D Modeling

Full 3D modeling and shop drawing production from architect’s design intent. DXF, DWG, STL, OBJ, and Revit file formats supported.

Wind Load Analysis

Site-specific ASCE 7-22 wind pressure calculations, exposure category determination, and component- and-cladding (C&C;) pressure tables for all project zones.

Installation Optimization

Pre-engineered installation sequences, assembly procedures, and logistics planning to minimize field labor and eliminate installation errors.

Value Engineering

Systematic review of project design to identify cost reduction opportunities through material ptimization, simplified geometry, or production sequencing without compromising architectural intent or performance.

Structural Design & Load Analysis

In-house structural analysis of foam element dead loads, attachment systems, and wind pressure capacity. PE-stamped calculations available for Risk Category III/IV projects or wind speeds exceeding 130 mph.

Custom Mounting System Design

Engineering of internal armatures, base onnections, through-bolt systems, and concealed attachment hardware optimized for each project’s structural conditions.

Submittal & Permitting Support

Preparation of AHJ submittals, product data packages, ASTM test reports, ICC-ES evaluation report references, and permit-ready documentation packages.

2 Code Compliance Matrix

Code / StandardSectionRequirementDecorative Architectural Shapes Compliance Method
IBC 2021§2603.3FSI ≤ 25 or ≤ 75 per occupancyASTM E84 test reports provided for all foam/coating systems
IBC 2021§2603.4Thermal barrier on interior facesProduct data specifies TB requirement; field verification checklist provided
IBC 2021§2603.5NFPA 285 for exterior walls >1 storyFM-listed assemblies available; NFPA 285 test report references on request
ASCE 7-22§26–30Design wind pressures — C&CSite-specific ASCE 7-22 calculations by PE on request
ICC-ES AC71§4–5Fastener schedule & foam strengthAC71-compliant fastener tables; PE calculations confirming SF ≥ 3.0
ASTM C578Table 1EPS density & mechanical propertiesMaterial certifications provided; lot testing on request
IBC 2021§1207STC 50 between dwelling unitsAssembly data provided; spray foam + framing + GWB assemblies documented
ENERGY CODEper stateMinimum R-value ciR-value tables and energy code compliance data provided per project state
CSI MasterFormat06 60 00Plastic Fabrications specificationThis document prepared in full CSI 3-Part Format compliance

3 Why Decorative Architectural Shapes — Engineering Differentiators

CapabilityDecorative Architectural ShapesTypical Competitor
Engineering in-houseYES — PE, structural, CAD, 3DNO — outsourced or none
Design changes during productionYES — real-time adaptationNO — new order required
Lead time7–14 business days typical4–8 weeks typical
Custom geometry capabilityUnlimited — CNC from any 3D fileLimited standard profiles
Pre-assembled deliveryYES — reduces site laborNO — field assembly required
Wind load calculationsYES — site-specific ASCE 7-22NO — generic data only
ASTM E84 documentationYES — current test reports providedSometimes — may require extra cost
Coastal/hurricane zone experienceYES — FL-based, 25+ yearsLimited
Free warehouse storageYES — hold until client readyNO
Nationwide deliveryYES — all 50 statesRegional only
TCO reduction vs stone/concrete30–50% documented savingsNot quantified

Definitions & Applicable Standards

MetricFull NameStandardWhat It MeasuresTypical Range (Insulation)
STCSound Transmission ClassASTM E413 / E90Airborne sound isolation between rooms (speech, music, TV). Higher = better isolation.25–65 (assemblies)
IICImpact Insulation ClassASTM E413 / E492Structure-borne impact noise (footsteps, dropped objects). Higher = better isolation.25–70 (assemblies)
NRCNoise Reduction CoefficientASTM C423 / ISO 354Average sound absorption across 250–2000 Hz (four-bandaverage). 0 = fully reflective, 1.0 = fully absorptive.0.05–0.95
SACSound Absorption CoefficientASTM C423Absorption at each 1/3-octave frequency band. Used for room acoustics design.0.01–1.00 per band
OITCOutdoor-Indoor Transmission ClassASTM E1332Similar to STC but weighted for low-frequency exterior noise (traffic, aircraft).20–55 (assemblies)
Delta IICImpact Isolation ImprovementISO 140-8Improvement in IIC provided by floor underlayment over bare concrete or wood sub-floor.+3 to +30 dB

Code Minimum Acoustic Requirements

Code / StandardSectionRequirementApplies To
IBC 2021Section 1207STC ≥ 50 (field-tested FIIC/FSTC) between dwelling unitsMulti-family residential, hotels, motels, dormitories
IRC 2021Section R302.13STC ≥ 45 (lab) / FSTC ≥ 45 (field) for walls/floors between unitsTwo-family dwellings, townhouses
IRC 2021Section R302.13IIC ≥ 50 (lab) / FIIC ≥ 45 (field) for floor/ceiling assembliesTwo-family dwellings, townhouses
FHA / HUDNoise GuidebookInterior DNL ≤ 45 dB; STC ≥ 25 for units near highways/airportsFederally-assisted housing
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95Max 85 dBA 8-hr TWA; engineering controls required before PPEOccupational / industrial noise
ASHRAE 2019 HVAC AppsChapter 49NC 25–35 (bedrooms), NC 30–40 (offices), NC 40–50 (open offices)HVAC system background noise — foam used as duct liner
IEC 61672 / ISO 1996Environmental noise measurement — foam used in measurement roomsAcoustic testing facilities

Section 1 — Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) Acoustic Performance | Astm C578

EPS is primarily a thermal insulation material. Its acoustic performance varies significantly by density and thickness. EPS is NOT a high-performance acoustic material in isolation — it must be used in composite assemblies to meet IBC STC/IIC minimums. EPS provides moderate sound absorption (NRC 0.10–0.35) and limited transmission loss.

Table 1a — Eps Sound Absorption Coefficient (Sac) By Density & Thickness (Astm C423 / Iso 354)

ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness125 Hz250 Hz500 Hz1000 Hz2000 Hz4000 HzNRC (avg)Performance
Type I0.90–1.141″0.020.030.050.060.070.070.05Poor
Type I0.90–1.142″0.030.050.080.100.110.090.09Poor
Type I0.90–1.143″0.050.070.100.130.130.100.11Poor
Type I0.90–1.144″0.060.090.120.150.140.110.13Poor
Type VIII1.15–1.341″0.020.040.060.070.080.080.06Poor
Type VIII1.15–1.342″0.030.060.090.110.120.100.10Poor
Type VIII1.15–1.343″0.050.080.110.140.140.110.12Poor
Type VIII1.15–1.344″0.070.100.140.170.160.120.15Poor–Fair
Type II1.35–1.791″0.030.040.070.080.090.080.07Poor
Type II1.35–1.792″0.040.070.100.120.130.110.11Poor
Type II1.35–1.793″0.060.090.130.160.150.120.13Poor
Type II1.35–1.794″0.080.110.150.190.170.130.16Poor–Fair
Type II1.35–1.796″0.100.140.190.230.200.150.19Fair
Type IX1.80–2.201″0.030.050.080.090.100.090.08Poor
Type IX1.80–2.202″0.050.080.120.140.140.120.12Poor
Type IX1.80–2.203″0.070.110.150.180.170.130.15Poor–Fair
Type IX1.80–2.204″0.090.130.180.220.200.150.18Fair
Type IX1.80–2.206″0.120.170.230.280.250.180.23Fair

SAC values are representative averages based on published EPS acoustic literature (ISO 354 / ASTM C423). EPS has low absorption (NRC 0.05–0.23) due to its rigid closed-cell structure. Best absorption occurs at mid-to-high frequencies. For reference: acoustic foam NRC 0.70–0.95; fiberglass batt NRC 0.90–0.95.

Code Minimum Acoustic Requirements

ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)EPS ThickTL 500 Hz (dB, board only)TL 1000 Hz (dB, board only)TL 2000 Hz (dB, board only)STC (board only)STC — Wall Assembly (EPS+2×4+5/8″ GWB ea. side)Notes
Type I0.90–1.141″14182312STC 38–40EPS contributes mass + decoupling
Type I0.90–1.142″16212614STC 40–42Increased TL vs 1″
Type I0.90–1.144″19253017STC 42–44Diminishing returns above 2″
Type VIII1.15–1.341″14192413STC 38–41
Type VIII1.15–1.342″17222715STC 40–43
Type VIII1.15–1.344″20263118STC 43–45
Type II1.35–1.791″15202513STC 39–42
Type II1.35–1.792″18232816STC 41–44
Type II1.35–1.794″21273319STC 43–46
Type II1.35–1.796″23303621STC 44–47Best single-material EPS
Type IX1.80–2.202″19242917STC 42–45
Type IX1.80–2.204″22283420STC 44–47
Type IX1.80–2.206″25323823STC 45–48Highest EPS density best TL

TL values for EPS board alone are illustrative — EPS as a standalone panel has very low STC. Assembly STC values include the contribution of structural framing and gypsum wallboard. To achieve IBC 2021 minimum STC 50 between dwelling units, EPS alone is insufficient; use in composite assemblies with resilient channels, double stud walls, or mass-loaded vinyl (MLV). ACOUSTIC


Section 2 — Polyurethane (Pu/Spf) Foam Acoustic Performance | Astm C591 / C1029

Polyurethane foam — particularly open-cell SPF — is significantly superior to EPS in acoustic performance. Open-cell PU foam achieves NRC 0.70–0.90, comparable to premium acoustic products. Closed-cell PU foam is denser and less absorptive (NRC 0.15–0.40) but provides better transmission loss. PU foam spray-applied to cavities provides excellent air sealing which further improves assembly STC by +3–5 dB.

Table 2a — Pu Foam Sound Absorption Coefficient (Sac) By Type, Density & Thickness (Astm C423 / Iso 354)

PU TypeCell StructureDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness125 Hz250 Hz500 Hz1000 Hz2000 Hz4000 HzNRC (avg)Rating
Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.51″0.100.250.600.800.820.780.62Good
Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.52″0.180.450.820.920.900.850.77Very Good
Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.53″0.280.650.900.950.930.880.86Excellent
Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.54″0.380.780.930.970.950.900.91Excellent
Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.56″0.520.880.960.990.970.920.95Excellent
Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.01″0.030.060.120.180.200.180.14Poor
Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.02″0.050.100.180.250.280.240.20Poor–Fair
Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.03″0.070.140.230.320.350.290.26Fair
Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.04″0.090.170.280.380.410.340.31Fair
Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.06″0.120.220.350.460.500.400.38Fair
Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.01″0.020.050.100.150.170.150.12Poor
Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.02″0.040.080.150.220.250.210.18Poor
Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.04″0.070.130.220.300.330.270.25Fair
Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.06″0.100.170.280.370.400.320.31Fair
High-density PU (C591 Type VI)Closed6.01″0.020.040.080.120.140.120.10Poor
High-density PU (C591 Type VI)Closed6.02″0.030.060.120.180.200.170.14Poor
High-density PU (C591 Type VI)Closed6.04″0.050.100.170.250.270.230.20Poor–Fair

Open-cell SPF NRC values based on published SPFA data, ASTM C423 test reports, and acoustic literature. Closed-cell and rigid PU values derived from manufacturer test data and ISO 354 reference studies. NRC = average of SAC at 250, 500, 1000, 2000 Hz rounded to nearest 0.05.

Table 2b — Pu Foam Transmission Loss (Tl) & Assembly Stc By Density & Thickness

PU TypeDensity (lb/ft³)ThicknessTL 500 HzTL 1000 HzTL 2000 HzSTC (material)Delta IIC (floor underlay)STC—Assembly (filled 2×4 + GWB)Notes
Open-cell SPF0.52″9131810+8 to +12STC 46–49Air sealing adds +3–5 dB
Open-cell SPF0.53.5″11162112+10 to +15STC 48–52Full 2×4 cavity fill
Open-cell SPF0.55.5″12182313+12 to +18STC 50–54Full 2×6 cavity; good isolation
Closed-cell SPF2.01″14202615+3 to +6STC 40–43Higher TL per inch
Closed-cell SPF2.02″19263218+5 to +8STC 43–47Better mass-law performance
Closed-cell SPF2.03″23303722+6 to +10STC 46–50Partial wall fill; strong performance
Closed-cell SPF2.04″26334025+6 to +10STC 48–52Excellent TL for closed-cell
Rigid PU/PIR3.02″21283420+4 to +7STC 44–48Board-stock installation
Rigid PU/PIR3.04″27344126+5 to +8STC 48–52Continuous insulation
High-density PU6.02″25323924+3 to +5STC 46–50High mass = good TL
High-density PU6.04″30384629+4 to +6STC 50–54Best single-layer TL for PU

Assembly STC values include 2×4 or 2×6 wood framing + 5/8″ Type X GWB each side (standard party wall). Green cells indicate assemblies meeting or exceeding IBC 2021 Section 1207 minimum STC 50. Delta IIC values apply when PU foam is used as floor underlayment under finish flooring. Air sealing benefit (+3–5 dB) is specific to spray-applied PU foam filling all framing cavities.


Section 3 — Comparative Summary, Application Guide & Permit Checklist

 

Table 3a — Eps Vs. Pu Foam Acoustic Property Comparison

PropertyTest MethodEPS Type I 0.9 pcfEPS Type IX 2.0 pcfPU Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³PU Open-cell 2.0 lb/ft³PU Open-cell 3.0 lb/ft³PU HD 6.0 lb/ft³
NRC 2″ thickASTM C4230.090.120.770.200.180.14
NRC 4″ thickASTM C4230.130.180.910.310.250.20
SAC 500 Hz, 2″ASTM C4230.080.120.820.180.150.12
SAC 1000 Hz, 2″ASTM C4230.100.140.920.250.220.18
STC — material, 2″ASTM E90141710182025
STC — assembly, 2″ASTM E9040–4242–4546–4943–4744–4846–50
Delta IIC 2″ASTM E492+2 to +4+3 to +5+8 to +12+5 to +8+4 to +7+3 to +5
R-value/inchASTM C5183.854.353.706.206.305.80
Density (lb/ft³)ASTM D16220.92.00.52.03.06.0
Meets IBC STC 50 (assembly)IBC 1207NO (alone)NO (alone)YES (3.5″ + cavity)YES (4″+ cavity)YES (4″+ ci)YES (4″+ ci)
Best acoustic useThermal/structural; not acousticThermal/structural; not acousticWall cavity fill; sound absorptionWall/roof ci; transmission lossCi panels; transmission lossIndustrial; high mass TL

Table 3b — Application Guide: Which Foam For Which Acoustic Goal

Acoustic GoalRecommended MaterialThicknessExpected PerformanceCode Met
Sound absorption in studio/music roomOpen-cell PU SPF (0.5 lb/ft³)2″–4″NRC 0.77–0.91 (broadband)ASHRAE NC goals met
Wall STC ≥ 50 — multi-family party wallOpen-cell SPF in 2×4/2×6 cavity3.5″–5.5″Assembly STC 48–54 (with GWB)IBC 2021 §1207 — YES
Floor IIC ≥ 50 — apartment over apartmentOpen-cell SPF or Closed-cell SPF underlayment2″ underlaymentDelta IIC +8 to +15; assembly IIC 50–60IBC 2021 §1207 — YES
Exterior wall thermal + acoustic (city location)Closed-cell SPF or Rigid PU/PIR (2.0–3.0 lb/ft³)2″–4″Assembly STC 43–52; R-12 to R-25IBC 2603.5 / STC req.
HVAC duct liner — ASHRAE NC complianceOpen-cell PU foam liner1″–2″ duct linerNRC 0.62–0.77; NC reduction 5–10 dBASHRAE 90.1 — YES
Industrial noise control (OSHA compliance)High-density PU (6.0 lb/ft³) panels4″–6″STC 50–54 (panel assembly); TL 30–40 dBOSHA 1910.95 — YES
Below-grade foundation (thermal + minor acoustic)EPS Type II/X (1.35–2.20 lb/ft³)2″–4″NRC 0.11–0.18; minor TL contributionThermal primary; acoustic incidental
Budget wall insulation — residential retrofitEPS Type I/X in composite assembly4″–6″ + resilient channel + GWBAssembly STC 45–50IRC R302.13 — marginal

Acoustic Permit Review Checklist — Ahj / Building Department

#Verification ItemEPSPU Open-cellPU Closed-cellCode Reference
1ASTM C423 or ISO 354 test report provided for specific product/thicknessReq’dReq’dReq’dASTM C423
2STC ≥ 50 (lab) verified for party wall / floor-ceiling assemblyAssembly req’dSpray-filled cavityWith ciIBC 2021 §1207
3IIC ≥ 50 (lab) / FIIC ≥ 45 (field) for floor-ceiling (multi-family)Assembly req’dSPF underlaymentSPF underlaymentIBC 2021 §1207
4Field-verified FSTC ≥ 45 / FIIC ≥ 45 test report (post-construction)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2021 §1207.5
5Assembly listing or ICC-ES evaluation report providedReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 1703
6Air sealing at penetrations and perimeter confirmed (flanking control)Detail req’dSPF self-sealingDetail req’dIBC 1207 / IRC R302
7Resilient channel or isolation clips specified (if STC < 45 without)VerifyMay not needVerifyAcoustic engineer
8Floor underlayment product listing / Delta IIC value documentedN/A (poor IIC)Req’d if usedReq’d if usedASTM E492
9OSHA 1910.95 noise survey (if industrial application)If applicableIf applicableIf applicableOSHA 29 CFR 1910.95
10ASHRAE NC target confirmed (if HVAC duct liner application)N/AReq’dN/AASHRAE 90.1 Ch.49

 

Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) Insulation Standard Sizes, Densities And R-Values

ThicknessSize Option #1Size Option #2Size Option #3Size Option #41.0#Type I R-value1.25#Type VIII R-value1.5#Type II R-value2.0#Type IX R-value
1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″1.931.962.092.18
3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″2.892.943.133.26
1″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″3.853.924.174.35
1-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″4.814.905.215.44
1-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″5.785.886.266.53
1-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″6.746.867.307.61
2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″7.707.848.348.70
2-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″8.668.829.389.79
2-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″9.639.8010.4310.88
2-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″10.5910.7811.4711.96
3″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″11.5511.7612.5113.05
3-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″12.5112.7413.5514.14
3-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″13.4813.7214.6015.23
3-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″14.4414.7015.6416.31
4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″15.4015.6816.6817.40
4-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″16.3616.6617.7218.49
4-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″17.3317.6418.7719.58
4-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″18.2918.6219.8120.66
5″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″19.2519.6020.8521.75
5-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″20.2120.5821.8922.84
5-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″21.1821.5622.9423.93
5-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″22.1422.5423.9825.01
6″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″23.1023.5225.0226.10
6-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″24.0624.5026.0627.19
6-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″25.0325.4827.1128.28
6-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″25.9926.4628.1529.36
7″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″26.9527.4429.1930.45
7-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″27.9128.4230.2331.54
7-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″28.8829.4031.2832.63
7-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″29.8430.3832.3233.71
8″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″30.8031.3633.3634.80

For ASTM C578 Type and physical properties see page 2

ASTM C578, Type I (1.0# Nominal Density)

ASTM C578, Type VIII (1.25# Nominal Density)

ASTM C578, Type II (1.5# Nominal Density)

ASTM C578, Type IX (2.0# Nominal Density)

Nominal sizes and densities Billets are available in any sizes up to 36” thick x 48” wide x 192” long

For custom sizes contact ABT Foam at 704-873-9081 (Toll Free 866-634-6057)

No adjustment for R-value aging R-values (Thermal Resistance) are calculated based 75° F, see “Typical Physical Properties of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)” found on page 2


Typical Physical Properties Of Expanded Polystyrene (Eps)

Specification Reference: Astm C578

PropertyUnitsASTM TestType XIType IType VIIIType IIType IX
0.75#Density1.0#Density1.25#Density1.5#Density2.0#Density
Density, Min.(pcf)D 303 or D 16220.750.91.151.351.8
Density Range  0.700.90-1.141.15-1.341.35-1.791.80-2.20
Thermal Conduct.at 25 FBTU/(hr.)
(sq. Ft.)(F/in.)
C177 or C518 0.230.220.200.20
K Factorat 40 F 0.240.2350.220.21
at 75 F 0.260.2550.240.23
Thermal Resistanceat 25 F   4.354.544.765.00
R-Value*at 40 F  3.30 – 3.434.0 – 4.174.20 – 4.254.40 – 4.554.60 – 4.76
at 75 F  3.10 – 3.223.6 – 3.853.9 – 3.924.0 – 4.174.20 – 4.35
Strength Properties
Compressive 10%DeformationpsiD 16215.010. – 1413 – 1815 – 2125 – 33
FlexuralpsiC 20310.025 – 3030 – 3840 – 5050 – 75
TensilepsiD 16235.016 – 2017 – 2118 – 2223 – 27
ShearpsiD 723 18 – 2223 – 2526 – 3233 – 37
Shear Moduluspsi  280 – 320370 – 410460 – 500600 – 640
Modulus of Elasticitypsi  180 – 220250 – 310320 – 360460 – 500
Moisture Resistance
WVTperm. In.E 965.02.0 – 5.01.5 – 3.51.0 – 3.50.6 – 2.0
Absorption (vol.)%C 2724.0less than 4.0less than 3.0less than 3.0less than 2.0
Capillarity  nonenonenonenonenone
Coefficient of
Thermal Expansion
in./(in.)(F)D 696 0.0000350.0000350.0000350.000035
Maximum Service Temperature
Long-term ExposureDeg. F 167167167167167
Intermittent Exposure  180180180180180
Oxygen Index% 24.024.024.024.024.0
Flame Spread  less than 25less than 25less than 25less than 25less than 25
Smoke Developed  less than 450less than 450less than 450less than 450less than 450

Physical Properties chart is reprinted with the permission by The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.

Caution: Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) contains a flame retardant. However, it should be considered flammable and should not be ex posed to any source of combustion. EPS insulation should be covered with a thermal barrier or otherwise installed in accordance with applicable building code requirements.

Solvent Attack: EPS is subject to attack by petroleum based solvents. Care should be taken to prevent contact between EPS and these solvents or their vapors.

Storage: EPS foam products must be stored flat on the original shipping runners, pallet or cartons. The material must be elevated above floor or ground level. If stored outdoors, must be covered with UV and waterproof covering. Do not store close to open flame.



Ultraviolet Degradation: Prolonged exposure to sunlight will cause slight discoloration and surface dusting of EPS insulation. The insu lating properties will not be significantly affected under normal usage. EPS stored outside should be protected with a light-colored opaque tarpaulin.

Eps Foam Insulation

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a closed cell, light weight, resilient foamed plastic insulation. EPS is able to withstand the abuse of temperature cycling and assuring long term performance. EPS has been an innovative building material since the 1950’s and is recog nized as a mainstream insulation and building material. EPS is an ideal choice for green building designs, offering environmental advantages that can maximize energy efficiency.

Long Term Insulation Value

R-value means the resistance to heat flow. The higher the R value the greater the resistance to heat flow. The thermal perfor mance of EPS insulation, as with any insulation product, depends upon the correct installation using good building practice. When properly installed, the R-value of EPS insulation remains constant for the life of the application. This is because the closed cell structure of EPS only contains air. As a result, the R-value of EPS insulation provided for each product type may be used as a de sign value without any adjustment for age.

Eps Environmental Impact

EPS insulation is an inert, organic material produced from petro leum and natural gas by-products. EPS insulation does not con tain CFC’s, HCFC’s, adhesives or formaldehyde. EPS foam insulation provides no nutritive value to plants, animals, or micro organisms. It will not rot and is highly resistant to mildew and mold resistant (Tested in accordance with ASTM C1338 “Standard Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of Insulation Materials and Facings.

“DISCLAIMER: The customer and the customer’s architects, engineers, consultants and other professionals are completely responsible for the selection, installation, and maintenance of any product purchased from ABT FOAM, LLC., and EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN ABT FOA’S STANDARD WARRANTIES, ABT FOAM MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE SUITABILITY, DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS OF THE PRODUCT FOR CUSTOMER’S APPLICATION. Copies of ABT FOAM’S standard warranties are available upon request.” ABT FOAM’S Trade Mark Products: Advanced Wrap™, DropSide™ and PreFur™

Eps Foam Insulation Is Manufactured In Accordance With Astm C578

EPS is manufactured in a wide range of densities from the lower cost effective 1.0# (0.90 pcf density) and up to the high performance 2.0# (1.8 pcf density) meeting the demands of the roofing industry.

Temperature Cycling

EPS is able to withstand the riggers of temperature cycling assuring long-term perfomance. In a series of tests, conducted by the Dynatech Research Development Co., Cambridge, MA, core speci mens removed from existing freezer walls, some as old as 16 years, demonstrates EPS withstands freeze-thaw cycling without oss of structural integrity or other physical properties.

R-Values by Density & Thickness · ASTM C518 @ 75°F mean temperature · Thickness in inches

Foam Types By Density

TypeCell StructureDensity (lb/ft³)Density (kg/m³)R-value per inchPrimary Use
Type I Open-cellOpen cell (air-blown)0.583.6 – 3.8Interior walls, attics (sound & air seal)
Type II Closed-cell (standard)Closed cell (HFC-blown)2.0326.0 – 6.5Walls, roofs, crawlspaces vapor retarder
Type III Closed-cell HD (roofing)Closed cell (HFC-blown)3.0486.0 – 6.5Commercial roofing, continuous insulation
Type VI High-density (industrial)Closed cell6.0965.5 – 6.0Industrial, cold storage, structural panels

R-Value By Thickness

ThicknessOpen-cell 0.5 lb/ft³ R-valueClosed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³ R-valueClosed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³ R-valueHigh-density 6.0 lb/ft³ R-value
1/2″1.853.103.152.90
3/4″2.784.654.724.35
1″3.706.206.305.80
1-1/4″4.627.757.887.25
1-1/2″5.559.309.458.70
1-3/4″6.4810.8511.0310.15
2″7.4012.4012.6011.60
2-1/4″8.3313.9514.1713.05
2-1/2″9.2515.5015.7514.50
2-3/4″10.1817.0517.3215.95
3″11.1018.6018.9017.40
3-1/4″12.0320.1520.4718.85
3-1/2″12.9521.7022.0520.30
3-3/4″13.8823.2523.6221.75
4″14.8024.8025.2023.20
4-1/4″15.7326.3526.7724.65
4-1/2″16.6527.9028.3526.10
4-3/4″17.5729.4529.9327.55
5″18.5031.0031.5029.00
5-1/4″19.4332.5533.0730.45
5-1/2″20.3534.1034.6531.90
5-3/4″21.2835.6536.2333.35
6″22.2037.2037.8034.80
6-1/2″24.0540.3040.9537.70
7″25.9043.4044.1040.60
7-1/2″27.7546.5047.2543.50
8″29.6049.6050.4046.40

Physical Properties By Density (Astm C591-22, Astm C1029)

PropertyTest MethodOpen-cell 0.5 lb/ft³Closed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³Closed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³High-density 6.0 lb/ft³
Density, min (lb/ft³)ASTM D16220.4 – 0.61.8 – 2.22.8 – 3.25.5 – 6.5
Density, min (kg/m³)ASTM D16226.4 – 9.629 – 3545 – 5188 – 104
R-value per inch @ 75°FASTM C5183.6 – 3.86.0 – 6.56.0 – 6.55.5 – 6.0
Thermal conductivity (BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F)ASTM C518 / C177~0.27~0.16~0.16~0.17
Compressive strength @ 10% deform. (psi)ASTM D16210.1 – 0.320 – 3535 – 50100 – 150
Tensile strength (psi)ASTM D1623~2 – 550 – 7575 – 110150 – 200
PropertyTest MethodOpen-cell 0.5 lb/ft³Closed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³Closed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³High-density 6.0 lb/ft³
Water absorption (% vol, 96 hr)ASTM D284210%< 1%< 0.8%< 0.5%
Water vapor permeance (perm·in)ASTM E9610~ 1.1~ 0.8~ 0.4
Closed-cell content (%)ASTM D2856< 10%90%90%95%
Dimensional stability, 7 days (% linear)ASTM D2126< 8%< 5%< 3%< 2%
Flame spread indexASTM E84< 75< 25< 25< 25
Smoke developed indexASTM E84< 450< 450< 450< 450
Max service temperature (°F)175200250300
Vapor retarder class (@ 2″)ASTM E96NoneClass IIClass IClass I
Air barrier performanceASTM E283 / E2178NoYes (≥1″)Yes (≥1″)Yes
  • R-values for open-cell foam are stable over time (air-blown, no gas loss). Closed-cell values are aged per FTC 16 CFR Part 460 regulations.product data sheets for design purposes.
  • High-density 6.0 lb/ft³ foam shows slightly lower R-value per inch compared to 2–3 lb foam due to increased solid conduction through the denser polymer matrix.
  • R-values calculated as: thickness (in) × R per inch. For thicknesses not listed, use linear interpolation between nearest values.
  • Sources: ASTM C591-22, ASTM C1029 (Type I & II SPF), Gaco 183M Product Data Sheet, SPFA Technical Guide, American Chemistry Council PUR/PIR Report, Highperformanceinsulation.eu.
  • Note: These are typical/representative values. Specific products may vary. Always verify with manufacturer product data sheets for design purposes.

Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) & Polyurethane (Pu) Foam Insulation

Prepared for Fire Marshal / Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) Review | Date: April 16, 2026 | Applicable Codes: IBC 2021 · IFC 2021 · NFPA 101 · IRC 2021

Scope Of Submittal

This document provides fire safety data for two classes of foam plastic insulation — Expanded Polystyrene (EPS, per ASTM C578) and Spray/Rigid Polyurethane foam (PU/PIR, per ASTM C591 / C1029) — to support permit issuance and AHJ review. Data includes ASTM E84 surface burning characteristics, ignition barrier requirements, thermal barrier requirements, maximum exposed thicknesses, applicable building code sections, and R-value/density cross-reference tables. All values reflect tested or code-referenced performance at standard conditions (75°F, ASTM C518).

Key Code & Standard References

Code / StandardSection / Ref.Applicability
IBC 2021 International Building CodeSection 2603Foam plastic insulation in buildings
IFC 2021 International Fire CodeSection 2603.4Thermal / ignition barrier requirements
IRC 2021 International Residential CodeSection R316Foam plastic insulation residential
NFPA 101 Life Safety CodeSection 10.2.3Interior finish flame-spread classification
ASTM E84 Surface Burning CharacteristicsTunnel test, 10 minFlame Spread Index & Smoke Developed Index
ASTM E119Fire resistanceHour-rated assembly testing
ASTM C578Types I–IXEPS physical properties & density classification
ASTM C591 / C1029Types I–VI / I–IIPU/PIR rigid foam & spray foam classification
NFPA 285Wall assembly testMulti-story exterior wall fire propagation
ICC-ES AC377Appendix XAttic/crawl space ignition barrier alternative

Nfpa 101 / Ibc Interior Finish Classification By Flame Spread Index

ClassFlame Spread Index (FSI)Smoke Developed Index (SDI)Typical Locations Permitted
Class A (I)0 – 250 – 450Exits, exit access, high-hazard occupancies
Class B (II)26 – 750 – 450Rooms / areas in most occupancies
Class C (III)76 – 2000 – 450Rooms in low-hazard occupancies only
Prohibited> 200AnyNot permitted as interior finish

Section 1 — Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) Insulation

Standard: ASTM C578 | Types I, VIII, II, IX by density | Oxygen Index: 24% | Contains flame retardant additive

Table 1a — Eps Fire Properties By Astm Type & Density (Astm E84 / Ibc 2603)

ASTM TypeNominal Density (lb/ft³)Flame Spread Index (FSI)Smoke Developed Index (SDI)NFPA 101 ClassIBC Section 2603.4 CompliantOxygen Index (%)Ignition Temp (°F)Max Thickness w/o Thermal Barrier
Type I0.9 – 1.14< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)
Type VIII1.15 – 1.34< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)
Type II1.35 – 1.79< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)
Type IX1.80 – 2.20< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)

FSI and SDI values apply to flame-retardant grade EPS per ASTM C578. Non-FR EPS may exceed these values. TB = Thermal Barrier (minimum 15-min rated, IBC Section 2603.4).

Table 1b — Eps R-Values, Thickness & Code Requirements By Type

Thickness (inches)Type I 0.9 pcf R-valueType VIII 1.15 pcf R-valueType II 1.35 pcf R-valueType IX 1.80 pcf R-valueThermal Barrier RequiredIgnition Barrier RequiredIBC 2603.4 Notes
1″3.853.924.174.35YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
1-1/2″5.785.886.266.53YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
2″7.707.848.348.70YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
2-1/2″9.639.8010.4310.88YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
3″11.5511.7612.5113.05YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
3-1/2″13.4813.7214.6015.23YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
4″15.4015.6816.6817.40YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
4-1/2″17.3317.6418.7719.58YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
5″19.2519.6020.8521.75YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
5-1/2″21.1821.5622.9423.93YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
6″23.1023.5225.0226.10YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
7″26.9527.4429.1930.45YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
8″30.8031.3633.3634.80YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2

Table 1c — Eps Barrier Requirements By Installation Location (Ibc 2603.4)

Installation LocationThermal Barrier Required?Ignition Barrier Required?Max Exposed ThicknessCode Reference
Walls / Ceilings (interior)YES — min. 1/2″ gypsum board or equiv.N/ANone — must be coveredIBC 2603.4
Attic (above insulation)NO (exempt if IBC 2603.4.1.2)YES (unless AC377 Alt.)Varies by listingIBC 2603.4.1.2
Crawl space (floor/walls)NO (exempt if IBC 2603.4.1.3)YES (unless AC377 Alt.)Varies by listingIBC 2603.4.1.3
Below-grade / foundationNO (typically exempt)NOUnlimited below gradeIBC 2603.4.1.4
Roof assembly (above deck)NO (above deck, protected by roofing)NOPer roofing system listingIBC 2603.4.1.6

Thermal Barrier = minimum 15-minute fire-rated separation per IBC 2603.4. Acceptable products: 1/2″ Type X gypsum wallboard, 23/32″ wood structural panel, or products listed per IBC 2603.4. Ignition Barrier alternatives per ICC-ES AC377 Appendix X may substitute for ignition barriers in attic/crawl spaces when foam is listed and labeled for such use.

Section 2 — Polyurethane (Pu/Pur/Pir) Foam Insulation

Standards: ASTM C591 (rigid PU/PIR) · ASTM C1029 (spray PU, Type I open-cell / Type II closed-cell) | Contains flame retardant | Must be protected from UV

Table 2a — Pu Foam Fire Properties By Type & Density (Astm E84 / Ibc 2603)

Type / ProductDensity (lb/ft³)Cell StructureFlame Spread Index (FSI)Smoke Developed Index (SDI)NFPA 101 ClassIBC 2603.4 CompliantOxygen Index (%)Max Thickness ASTM E84 (tested)
Open-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type I)0.4–0.6Open< 75< 450Class B (II)YES (w/ barrier)~254″
Closed-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type II)1.5–2.0Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~274″
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type I)1.8Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type II)2.5Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type III)3.0Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″
High-density PU (ASTM C591 Type VI)6.0Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″

Open-cell SPF Class B (FSI 25–75) requires Class B or better interior finish rating. Closed-cell and rigid PU/PIR achieve Class A. ASTM E84 tested at max 4″ thickness per ASTM guidelines; thicker installations require NFPA 285 assembly testing. FSI/SDI values are for FR-grade foam — verify specific product listing.

Table 2b — Pu Foam R-Values By Density & Thickness With Fire Code Requirements

Thickness (inches)Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³ R-valClosed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³ R-valClosed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³ R-valH-Density 6.0 lb/ft³ R-valThermal Barrier RequiredMin TB ProductVapor Retarder ClassIBC Code Ref.
1″3.76.26.35.8YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
1-1/2″5.59.39.48.7YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
2″7.412.412.611.6YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
2-1/2″9.215.515.814.5YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
3″11.118.618.917.4YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
3-1/2″12.921.722.120.3YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
4″14.824.825.223.2YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
4-1/2″16.627.928.426.1YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
5″18.531.031.529.0YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
5-1/2″20.434.134.631.9YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
6″22.237.237.834.8YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
7″25.943.444.140.6YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
8″29.649.650.446.4YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4

R-values: open-cell @ 3.70/in, closed-cell 2.0 lb @ 6.20/in, 3.0 lb @ 6.30/in, 6.0 lb @ 5.80/in per ASTM C518 @ 75°F aged values (FTC 16 CFR Part 460). Vapor retarder class per ASHRAE 90.1 / IRC R702.7 at rated thickness.

Section 3 — Barrier Requirements, Installation Compliance & Comparative Summary

Table 3a — Pu Foam Barrier Requirements By Installation Location (Ibc 2603.4 / Irc R316)

LocationThermal Barrier Required?Min. Thermal BarrierIgnition Barrier Required?NFPA 285 Required?Max Exposed ThicknessCode Ref.
Interior walls / ceilingsYES1/2″ Type X GWB or 15-min equiv.N/ANO (residential)None — must coverIBC 2603.4
Attic (open-cell SPF)YES1/2″ GWBYESNOPer product listingIBC 2603.4.1.2
Attic (closed-cell SPF)NO (w/ ICC-ES AC377)YES (or AC377 Alt.)NO9.5″ (AC377 Appx X)ICC-ES AC377 Appx X
Crawl spaceNO (exempt)YES (or AC377 Alt.)NOPer listingIBC 2603.4.1.3
Exterior continuous insulationNO (above grade, with cladding)NOYES (multi-story)Per assemblyIBC 2603.5 / NFPA 285
Below-grade / foundationNONONOUnlimited below gradeIBC 2603.4.1.4
Roof — above deck (SPF roofing)NONONO (single story)Per roofing listingIBC 2603.4.1.6 / FM 4450
Cold storage / industrialYESPer listing / AHJN/APer occupancyPer engineer designIBC 2603.4 / NFPA 13

 

Table 3b — Eps Vs. Pu Foam Fire Property Comparison

PropertyTest MethodEPS (all types)PU Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³PU Closed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³PU Closed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³PU High-density 6.0 lb/ft³
Flame Spread IndexASTM E84< 25 (Class A)< 75 (Class B)< 25 (Class A)< 25 (Class A)< 25 (Class A)
Smoke Developed IndexASTM E84< 450< 450< 450< 450< 450
NFPA 101 ClassNFPA 101Class A (I)Class B (II)Class A (I)Class A (I)Class A (I)
Oxygen Index (%)ASTM D286324.0~25~27~27~27
Ignition temp (°F)~680~600~700~720~750
Thermal barrier req.IBC 2603.4YES (all)YES (all)YES (all)YES (all)YES (all)
Max ASTM E84 thicknessASTM E84Unlimited (w/TB)4″4″ (or NFPA 285)4″4″
NFPA 285 for exteriorIBC 2603.5YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)
R-value per inchASTM C5183.85–4.353.6–3.86.0–6.56.0–6.55.5–6.0
Vapor retarderASTM E96No (permeable)NoClass II @ 2″Class I @ 2″Class I @ 1″
Structural strengthASTM D16215–33 psi0.1–0.3 psi20–35 psi35–50 psi100–150 psi
Water absorptionASTM C272/D2842<4% vol> 10%< 1%< 0.8%< 0.5%
CFC / HCFC contentNoneNone (water-blown)None (HFC)None (HFC)None
UV resistanceDegrades (cover)Degrades (cover)Degrades (cover)Degrades (cover)Degrades (cover)

Section 4 — Installation Requirements, Warnings & Fire Marshal Checklist

Critical Fire Safety Warnings — Required For Ahj Review

  • THERMAL BARRIER MANDATORY

All foam plastic insulation (EPS and PU) used on interior surfaces MUST be separated from occupied space by an approved thermal barrier per IBC Section 2603.4. Minimum: 1/2″ Type X gypsum wallboard or equivalent 15-minute fire-rated assembly. Failure to install thermal barrier voids code compliance.

  • ASTM E84 THICKNESS LIMITATION

ASTM E84 tunnel test is valid only for the thickness tested. PU spray foam tested at 4″ maximum. Installations exceeding tested thickness require full-scale NFPA 285 wall assembly testing or an approved engineering alternative per IBC 2603.10.

  • NFPA 285 EXTERIOR WALL ASSEMBLIES

For buildings over one story, exterior wall assemblies containing foam plastic insulation must pass NFPA 285 fire propagation test OR use a listed assembly. This applies to both EPS and PU foam in continuous insulation (ci) applications per IBC Section 2603.5.

  • UV EXPOSURE PROHIBITION

Both EPS and PU foam insulation degrade under prolonged UV (sunlight) exposure. All foam must be covered promptly after installation. Exposed foam during construction is a temporary condition only. Permanent exterior use requires UV-protective cladding per manufacturer requirements.

  • COMBUSTIBILITY WARNING

Both EPS and PU foam are combustible materials. Despite flame retardant additives, both materials will burn under prolonged fire exposure. EPS melts before burning. PU foam produces dense smoke. Never use either material as a finished interior surface without an approved thermal barrier. Keep away from ignition sources during installation.

Fire Marshal / Ahj Review Checklist

#Item for VerificationEPSPU Open-cellPU Closed-cellCode Reference
1ASTM E84 test report provided for specific product/thicknessReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.3
2Flame Spread Index ≤ 25 (Class A) or ≤ 75 (Class B) confirmed< 25 ✓< 75 ✓< 25 ✓IBC 2603.3 / NFPA 101
3Smoke Developed Index ≤ 450 confirmed< 450 ✓< 450 ✓< 450 ✓IBC 2603.3
4Thermal barrier (15-min min.) installed on all interior facesReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.4
5Thermal barrier product listed / approved by AHJVerifyVerifyVerifyIBC 2603.4
6Ignition barrier in attic/crawl space (or AC377 alt. listed)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.4.1.2/3
7NFPA 285 assembly test for exterior wall (if > 1 story)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.5
8Max installation thickness ≤ ASTM E84 tested thickness (or NFPA 285)Verify≤ 4″≤ 4″ or NFPA 285ASTM E84 / IBC 2603
9Foam covered / not permanently exposed to UVReq’dReq’dReq’dMfr. req.
10Product label / ICC-ES listing number providedReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 1703
11Vapor retarder compliance verified (if climate zone requires)N/AN/AVerifyASHRAE 90.1 / IRC
12Jobsite fire watch during foam application (spray foam)N/AReq’dReq’dNFPA 241

1 Name Of Product And Company

PRODUCTExpanded Polystyrene (EPS) rigid insulation board, including Graphite EPS (GPS) material of various densities.
CHEMICAL NAMEPolystyrene Foam, (C8H8)n, with or without polyester or polypropylene film facers.
RECOMMENDED USEConstruction material, insulation, lightweight structural fill, geofoam, packaging, and other miscellaneous applications.

2 Hazards Identification

HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONNone
LABEL ELEMENTSNone
SIGNAL WORDNone
HAZARD STATEMENT(S)None
OTHER HAZARDSLow toxicity under normal conditions of handling and use. May form combustible dust concentrations in air if converted to small particles during handling or fabrication.

3 Composition/Information On Ingredients

Common NameChemical NameCas NumberWeight
Polystyrene FoamPolystyrene Polymer9003-53-695-100%
Pentane’s (Isomers)n-pentane109-66-0≤2%
Flame RetardantTSTSTS

*Flammable blowing agent that off-gases from product. Most of the pentane off-gases prior to shipment.

4 First Aid Measures

EYE CONTACTDust or particles may cause mechanical eye irritation and/or injury. Flush eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes. If effects occur, consult a physician, preferably an ophthalmologist.
INHALATIONDust from mechanical fabrication may cause upper respiratory irritation. Fumes from hot wire cutting can also cause upper respiratory irritation. Move person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Loosen tight clothing such as collar, tie, belt or waistband to facilitate breathing. Obtain medical attention if symptoms persist.
SKIN CONTACTNo significant signs or symptoms indicative of any adverse health hazard are expected to occur because of absorption. May cause slight skin irritation from abrasion in a few individuals. Wash with mild soap and running water. Remove and launder contaminated clothing before reuse. If irritation develops, seek medical attention.
INGESTIONIngestion of this material is unlikely. It is biologically inert and ingestion of small quantities of this aterial under normal circumstances would not cause armful effects. If it does occur, do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.

5 Fire Fighting Measures

FLASH POINT698°F (370°C)
AUTO IGNION850°F (454°C)
EXTINGUISHING MEDIAWater fog, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemicals
SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTUse approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full face mask and personal protective clothing (turnout gear).
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDSEQUIPMENTBurning product may produce dense black smoke consisting of carbon (soot), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. Dust generated by fabrication, i.e., sanding, sawing, etc. will increase fire hazard and should be handled accordingly. personal protective clothing (turnout gear).

6 Accidental Release Measures

LAND SPILLScoop up material and put into suitable container for recycling or disposal as a non- hazardous waste in an appropriate recycling or disposal facility.
WATER SPILLThis material will float and disperse with wind and current. Contain the material with brooms, pick up or remove with a vacuum truck.
AIR RELEASEThis material will settle out of the air. If concentrated on land, it can then be scooped up for recycling of disposal as a non-hazardous waste.

7 Handling And Storage

STORAGE TEMPERATUREAmbient (below 170°F)
GENERAL STORAGEStore in well ventilated area. Assure storage areas and shipping containers are adequately ventilated. Avoid direct exposure to very high heat, open flame, sparks, or other sources of ignition. Do not enter confined areas unless adequately ventilated. The flammable vapors of pentane (blowing agent) are heavier than air and may accumulate in low places. “No Smoking – No Matches – No Lighters – No Welding” rules should be enforced.

8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Exposure Guidelines Expanded Polystyrene

OSHA PELParticulates (not otherwise classified) 15 mg/m3, 8 Hr. TWA, total dust 5 mg/m3, 8 Hr. TWA, respirable dust.
ACGIH TLVNone Established

Pentanes

OSHA PEL1,000 ppm
CGIH TLV600 ppm

Personal Protection

EYE/FACE PROTECTIONIf there is a potential for exposure to particles which could cause eye discomfort or for fabrication operations, safety glasses with side shields are recommended.
SKIN PROTECTIONNo precautions other than clean body-covering clothing should be needed.
HAND PROTECTIONUse gloves to protect from mechanical injury. Selection of gloves will depend on the task.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTIONRespiratory protection is not normally required. When respiratory protection is required for certain operations, including but not limited to saw, router or hot-wire cutting, use an approved air-purifying respirator. In dusty or misty atmospheres, use an approved particulate respirator.
INGESTIONNo precautions necessary due to the physical properties of the material.
VENTILATIONUse ventilation adequate to maintain safe levels if overheating or dust occurs during processing. If there are no applicable exposure limit equirements or guidelines, general ventilation should be sufficient for most operations.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS OR OTHER COMMENTSFollow procedures specified in the NFPA Codes and Standards for handling combustible dust. Maintain good housekeeping to avoid dust buildup.

9 Physical And Chemical Properties

APPEARANCE AND COLORWhite or gray rigid cellular foam blocks, boards, sheets and shapes.
MELTING POINTAbove 175°F (79°C)
SOLUBILITY IN WATERInsoluble

10 Stability And Reactivity

STABILITYStable under normal conditions.
REACTIVITYReactive with oxidizing agents.
INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS TO AVOIDOrganic solvents, oil products, strong oxidizing agents, sparks, open flames, strong acids or bases.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITIONS PRODUCTSDoes not decompose under normal usage.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATIONWill not occur.

11 Toxicological Information

INGESTIONBiologically inert. Extremely unlikely rout of entry.
EYE CONTACTSmall particles may cause mechanical irritation or injury to the surface of the eye. Noticeable discomfort, redness, and tearing can occur.
SKIN CONTACTMay cause skin irritation or abrasion.
SKIN ABSORPTIONNone.
INHALATIONNuisance dust may cause mechanical irritation with possible difficulty breathing, sneezing, and coughing (only when material is cut).
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURENo significant health hazard is expected to result under conditions of normal occupational use of this material.
AGGRAVATION OF PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONSNo adverse effects expected.
CARCINOGENICITYStyrene monomer ACGIH: A4 – Not classified as a Human Carcinogen IARC: 2B – Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans (Vol. 60, 1994)

12 Ecological Information

Non-biodegradable, insoluble in water, low potential for bio-accumulation. Not expected to harm ecosystems through its applied use.

13 Waste Disposal Considerations

Recycling OptionsDisposal Methods
Some of our manufacturing locations can accept clean, dry, tape- & label-free EPS foam from our customers and the public. The recycled EPS gets reused in our manufacturing process. Please contact us for full recycling rules.Reuse or dispose via sanitary landfill or adequate incinerator according to federal, state, and local regulations. Do not discharge into waterways or sewer systems. Expanded polystyrene is recyclable. Contact your local waste management service for recycling methods or visit the following:

14 Transportation Information

For domestic transportation purposes, this product is not regulated as a hazardous material by Transport Canada or the US Department of Transportation (DOT) under Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

15 Regulatory Information

TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT (TSCA)Biologically inert. Extremely unlikely rout of entry.
SECTION 313 SUPPLIER NOTIFICATIONThis product contains no known toxic chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 and of 40 CFR 372.
OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARDThis product is not a “Hazardous Chemical” as defined by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910. 1200.

16 Other Information

CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65This product contains a chemical(s) known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.

The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is given in good faith but with no expressed or implied warranty. The manufacturer is not responsible for personal injury or property damage that may arise from use of this product. Customers or end users assume all risks associated with the use of this material.

Polyurethane – Enhancing Everyday Life

Polyurethane is widely used in modern life, including shoe soles, mattresses, steering wheels, and insulation systems. Its properties can be precisely adjusted during manufacturing — rigid, flexible, integral, or compact — allowing cost-effective solutions for nearly every application.

Long-Term Thermal Efficiency

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) includes both polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation materials.

Its excellent thermal performance is achieved through closed-cell foam technology using blowing agents such as pentane or CO₂.

Main Benefits

  • Extremely low thermal conductivity
  • Durable and dimensionally stable
  • Service life exceeding 50 years
  • Reduced environmental impact
  • Resource and energy conservation

Why Pur/Pir Insulation Is A Smart Investment

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR):

  • Provides long-lasting thermal insulation with minimal maintenance
  • Improves property value and indoor comfort
  • Reduces heating costs through major energy savings
  • Is cost-effective and simple to install

Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir) For Insulation

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) is a highly efficient insulation material for both new construction and renovation projects due to its exceptionally low thermal conductivity.

Key Advantages Include:

  • Higher insulation performance with thinner material layers
  • Easier installation in limited building cavities
  • Significant energy savings, reducing building energy consumption by over 50%
  • Strong mechanical properties and excellent adhesion to other materials

Applications Include:

  • Roof, wall, floor, and ceiling insulation boards
  • Window frame insulation
  • Foam sealants
  • Metal-faced sandwich panels for industrial buildings

What Is Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir)

Main Types Of Pur/Pir Insulation

Insulation Boards

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) boards offer:

  • High mechanical strength
  • Good resistance and durability
  • Easy installation
  • Compatibility with other construction materials

They are widely used for insulating walls, roofs, ceilings, and floors.

Block Foam

PUR/PIR block foam can be cut and shaped for:

  • Technical insulation
  • Industrial equipment
  • Building service installations

Metal-Faced Sandwich Panels

Sandwich panels consist of a rigid PUR/PIR core with metal facings on both sides.

Main Applications:
  • Roof and wall systems
  • Industrial and commercial buildings
  • Refrigeration and cold-storage facilities
Key Benefits:
  • Lightweight construction
  • Fast installation in all weather conditions
  • High prefabrication quality
  • Strong structural reliability and safety

Technical And Physical Properties Of Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir)

The performance of rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) depends on its structure, raw materials, and manufacturing process. Key evaluation criteria include:

  • Thermal insulation performance
  • Mechanical strength
  • Moisture resistance
  • Fire performance
  • Durability and ageing resistance

PUR/PIR insulation materials combine extremely low thermal conductivity with high mechanical strength and long-term durability.

Factors Affecting Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity depends on:

  • Cell gas type
  • Density
  • Temperature
  • Moisture exposure
  • Ageing over time

Influence Of Density

Typical building-grade PUR/PIR density:

  • 30–45 kg/m³
  • Up to 100 kg/m³ for specialized applications

Thermal conductivity changes only slightly across common density ranges.

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity (λ) measures heat transfer through a material. Lower thermal conductivity means better insulation performance.

Thermal resistance (R) is calculated as:

R = d / λ

Thermal transmittance (U-value) is:

U = 1 / R

PUR/PIR insulation materials are tested according to EN 13165 standards.

Influence Of Cell Gas

PUR/PIR achieves excellent insulation performance through low-conductivity blowing agents such as:

  • Pentane
  • CO₂
  • HFC blowing agents for special applications

The closed-cell structure (>90% closed cells) helps retain insulating gases over long periods.

Long-Term Thermal Performance

PUR/PIR insulation maintains stable thermal performance for decades. After initial gas stabilization, thermal conductivity changes only minimally.

Expected service life:

  • More than 60 years in practice

Declared thermal conductivity values already account for ageing effects.

Mechanical Properties

Compressive Strength

Mechanical performance depends primarily on density. Typical compressive strength or compressive stress at 10% deformation:

  • Around 100 kPa for standard applications
  • Higher values for heavy-load applications such as flat roofs or floors

Testing is conducted according to EN 826.

Influence Of Cell Gas

PUR/PIR performs reliably under continuous long-term loads (compressive creep).

Long-term deformation remains below:

  • 2% over 20–50 years

This makes PUR/PIR suitable for:

  • Flooring systems
  • Flat roofing
  • Industrial applications

Testing follows EN 1606.

Tensile, Shear, And Bending Strength

PUR/PIR insulation systems also provide strong:

  • Tensile strength
  • Shear strength
  • Bending resistance

Typical ranges:

  • Tensile strength: 40–900 kPa
  • Shear strength: 120–450 kPa
  • Bending strength: 250–1300 kPa

These properties make PUR/PIR suitable for:

  • ETICS systems
  • Industrial panels
  • Composite building elements

Moisture And Water Resistance

Moisture Behaviour

Due to its closed-cell structure, PUR/PIR:

  • Does not absorb moisture from air
  • Does not transport water by capillary action
  • Maintains insulation performance under normal moisture exposure

Water vapour diffusion problems generally occur only when installation defects are present.

Vapour Diffusion Resistance

Water vapour resistance is expressed through the diffusion resistance factor μ and equivalent air layer thickness sd:

Sd = μ · s

PUR/PIR typically provides high vapour resistance depending on facings and density.

Water Absorption

Typical water absorption after 28-day immersion:

  • Approximately 1.3% by volume

Even after prolonged exposure to water:

  • Thermal conductivity increases only minimally

PUR/PIR also performs well under:

  • Frost-thaw cycles
  • Ground-contact perimeter insulation conditions

Thermal Expansion And Heat Storage

Thermal Expansion

PUR/PIR expands minimally under temperature changes.

Typical thermal expansion coefficient:

3–8 × 10-5 K-1

Expansion depends on:

  • Density
  • Facing type
  • Installation conditions

Temperature Stability

PUR/PIR insulation materials:

  • Operate long-term between –30°C and +90°C
  • Resist short-term temperatures up to +250°C
  • Do not melt under fire exposure because they are thermosetting plastics

Special formulations can withstand:

  • Asphalt temperatures up to +200°C
  • Cryogenic temperatures down to –180°C

Heat Capacity

Specific heat capacity of PUR/PIR:

Approximately 1400–1500 J/(KG·K)

Although some insulation materials store more heat, simulations show that:

  • Solar radiation and window shading have a much greater impact on summer indoor comfort than insulation heat storage capacity.

Chemical And Biological Resistance

PUR/PIR is generally resistant to:

  • Lime, cement, gypsum
  • Bitumen
  • Fuels and mineral oils
  • Diluted acids and alkalis
  • Industrial atmospheres

It also:

  • Resists mould and rot
  • Is odour-neutral
  • Does not decay biologically

UV exposure may cause surface discoloration or slight sanding effects, but without technical damage.

Fire Performance

European Fire Classification

PUR/PIR products are classified under EN 13501-1 using Euroclasses:

  • A1 to F

Classification depends on:

  • Foam formulation
  • Facing type
  • Smoke development
  • Burning droplets

PUR/PIR is a thermosetting plastic and:

  • Does not melt
  • Does not produce flaming droplets under fire exposure

Sustainable Development With Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir)

Sustainability involves balancing:

  • Environmental protection
  • Economic efficiency
  • Social well-bein

In construction, sustainability must consider the full life cycle of buildings and materials, including:

  • Resource conservation
  • Energy efficiency
  • CO₂ reduction
  • Recycling potential
  • Long-term cost savings
  • Human comfort and health

Reducing Energy Consumption And Emissions

Buildings account for more than 40% of total energy consumption in the EU. Improving insulation efficiency is essential for:

  • Reducing fossil fuel use
  • Lowering greenhouse gas emissions
  • Increasing energy efficiency

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) contributes significantly through its:

  • Very low thermal conductivity
  • Long service life
  • High insulation efficiency

Better building insulation helps reduce CO₂ emissions and supports international climate goals such as the Kyoto Protocol targets.

Hygiene And Food Preservation

PUR/PIR insulation plays an important role in:

  • Food preservation
  • Refrigeration systems
  • Clean industrial environments

Main Benefits

  • Minimizes heat transfer in refrigerated storage and transport
  • Reduces food spoilage
  • Eliminates cold bridges and condensation
  • Helps prevent bacteria and mould growth
  • Supports hygienic conditions in food, pharmaceutical, and electronics industries

PUR/PIR sandwich panels are commonly used with easy-to-clean food-safe liners designed to meet hygiene regulations targets.

Life-Cycle Analysis And Energy Balance

Environmental assessment of insulation materials must consider:

  • Raw materials
  • Manufacturing energy
  • Emissions and waste
  • Product lifespan
  • Energy savings during use

PUR/PIR insulation materials provide substantial long-term energy savings.

Energy Performance Example

  • Manufacturing 1 m² of 80 mm PUR/PIR insulation board requires approximately 100 kWh of energy
  • The same insulation can save about 160 kWh per year in roof applications
  • Over 50 years, total savings can reach approximately 8,000 kWh

In most cases, the production energy is recovered during the first heating season.

Recycling And Energy Recovery

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) insulation materials are highly durable and can often last for the full service life of a building.

After demolition or dismantling, PUR/PIR materials can be:

  • Reused
  • Recycled
  • Used for energy recovery

Material Recycling Options

Clean PUR/PIR waste can be:

  • Reused for attic or floor insulation
  • Processed into recycled pressed boards
  • Used as oil absorbents
  • Mixed with cement for insulating mortar
  • Chemically recycled through glycolysis

Energy Recovery

Impure PUR/PIR waste can be:

  • Incinerated in waste-to-energy plants
  • Converted into usable thermal energy

This reduces the need for additional fossil fuels and lowers environmental impact.

Environmental Advantages Of Pur/Pir

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR):

  • Reduces long-term heating and cooling energy demand
  • Helps lower greenhouse gas emissions
  • Supports sustainable construction practices
  • Offers long service life with minimal maintenance
  • Provides recycling and energy recovery opportunities after use

PUR/PIR insulation can reduce heating costs by up to 30% over a service life exceeding 50 years.

Manufacture Of Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir) Insulation Materials

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) is produced through a chemical reaction between two liquid base components and a blowing agent such as pentane or CO₂.

During mixing:

  • A polyurethane polymer matrix is formed
  • Heat generated by the reaction causes the blowing agent to expand
  • The foam structure develops closed cells with insulating properties

Foam density and performance characteristics are controlled through:

  • Blowing agent quantity
  • Additives and catalysts
  • Manufacturing conditions

Main Pur/Pir Product Types

Factory-made PUR/PIR products include:

  • Insulation boards with flexible facings
  • Block foam
  • Sandwich panels with rigid facings

In-situ PUR/PIR foam is produced directly on construction sites.

Manufacture Of Pur/Pir Insulation Boards

Continuous Laminator Process

Flexible-faced PUR/PIR insulation boards are manufactured continuously using laminators.

Process Overview

  • The reaction mixture is poured onto a lower flexible facing
  • The foam expands inside the laminator
  • An upper facing is added during expansion
  • The laminate hardens and is cut to size

Typical board thickness:

  • Up to 200 mm

Common Facing Materials

  • Mineral fleece
  • Glass fleece
  • Aluminium foil
  • Composite films

Functions Of Facings

Facings may provide:

  • Vapour barriers
  • Moisture protection
  • Mechanical protection
  • Decorative surfaces

Boards can also include:

  • Tongue-and-groove edges
  • Stepped profiles
  • Flat edges

Composite insulation panels may additionally include:

  • Chipboard
  • Plasterboard
  • Mineral-based rigid layers

Manufacture Of Pur/Pir Block Foam

PUR/PIR block foam can be produced using:

  • Continuous processes
  • Discontinuous processes

Continuous Block Foam Production

  • The reaction mixture is poured into a moving U-shaped paper channel
  • Foam expands during conveyor transport
  • Finished blocks are cut to length

Discontinuous Block Foam Production

  • Components are mixed in an agitator
  • The mixture is poured into mould boxes
  • Foam expands and hardens into rigid blocks

After Curing, Blocks Are Cut Into:

  • Insulation boards
  • Pipe insulation
  • Roof wedges
  • Custom moulded sections

Additional facings can be bonded afterward for specialized applications.

European Harmonisation And Ce Marking Of Rigid Polyurethane

Foam (Pur/Pir) Insulation Products

The European construction sector aims to create a unified market by:

  • Harmonising technical standards
  • Removing trade barriers
  • Supporting free movement of construction products within Europe

These regulations help improve the competitiveness of the European building industry.

European Construction Products Regulations

The European Construction Products Directive (CPD) establishes the legal framework for placing construction products on the market.

Building products must demonstrate compliance with essential requirements to ensure safe and reliable construction when properly designed and installed.

Ce Marking

CE marking confirms that a product complies with European regulations and harmonised standards.

It serves as a technical passport allowing insulation products to be traded throughout the European common market.

Ce Marking Includes

  • The CE symbol
  • Manufacturer identification and address
  • Year of manufacture
  • Coded technical product information
  • Manufacturer’s declaration of conformity

The manufacturer is responsible for affixing the CE marking and ensuring product compliance.

 

Essential Requirements

Construction products must support:

  • Mechanical resistance and structural stability
  • Fire safety
  • Hygiene, health, and environmental protection
  • Safe use
  • Noise protection
  • Energy efficiency and thermal insulation
Product Requirements Are Defined Through:
  • Harmonised European Standards (hEN)
  • European Technical Approvals (ETA)

These standards are developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) on behalf of the European Commission.

Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) & Polyurethane (Pu) Foam Insulation

Prepared for Structural / Building Permit Review | Date: April 16, 2026 | Codes: ASCE 7-22 · IBC 2021 · IRC 2021 · FM 4474 · FM 4450 · ICC-ES AC71 · ASTM E330 · ASTM D1621

Scope

This submittal documents the wind load resistance properties of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS, ASTM C578) and Polyurethane / Polyisocyanurate (PU/PIR, ASTM C591/C1029) foam insulation, organized by density and thickness. Data includes compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength, flexural strength, attachment pull-through resistance, uplift resistance, and design wind pressure capacities referenced to ASCE 7-22 wind speed maps and exposure categories. Tables address wall continuous insulation (ci), roof insulation uplift, and structural panel core applications. A design checklist for AHJ / structural engineer review is included.

Wind Load Fundamentals — Key Parameters & Code References

ParameterSymbolFormula / DefinitionCode ReferenceUnits
Design Wind SpeedVPer ASCE 7-22 Fig. 26.5-1A/B/C (Risk Category I–IV)ASCE 7-22 §26.5mph
Velocity Pressureq_zq_z = 0.00256 K_z K_zt K_d K_e V²ASCE 7-22 §26.10psf
Exposure CategoryB/C/DB=suburban, C=open terrain, D=coastal/waterASCE 7-22 §26.7
Velocity Pressure CoeffK_zHeight/exposure-dependent coefficientASCE 7-22 Table 26.10-1
Topographic FactorK_zt1.0 for flat terrain; >1.0 for hills/ridgesASCE 7-22 §26.8
Wind DirectionalityK_d0.85 for buildings, 0.85 for rooftop equip.ASCE 7-22 Table 26.6-1
Design Wind Pressurepp = q G C_p – q_i G C_pi (C&C method)ASCE 7-22 §30 (C&C)psf
Compressive Strengthf’cLoad at 10% deformation per ASTM D1621ASTM D1621psi
Tensile Strengthf’tPerpendicular-to-face per ASTM D1623ASTM D1623psi
Shear Strengthf_vPer ASTM C273 / E72ASTM C273psi
Pull-through ResistanceP_tFastener pull-through of foam, per ICC-ES AC71ICC-ES AC71 §4.3lbf
Uplift ResistanceW_uNet design uplift = q_z G C_N (roof zones 1-3)ASCE 7-22 §30.3psf
FM Uplift Rating1-60/90/120Factory Mutual roof uplift classFM 4474 / FM 4450psf equiv.

Table 0a — Asce 7-22 Reference Design Wind Pressures (Q_Z) At 30 Ft Height (Psf)

K_d = 0.85, K_zt = 1.0, K_e = 1.0. Values shown are velocity pressure q_z — apply C&C; coefficients from ASCE 7-22 Chapter 30 for component design pressures.

Wind Speed (mph)Risk Cat.Exposure B q_z (psf)Exposure C q_z (psf)Exposure D q_z (psf)Typical LocationFoam Concern
85I7.89.911.8Low-risk, inland ruralLow — standard fastening
100II10.813.716.4Residential, most buildingsModerate — verify ci uplift
110II13.116.619.8Suburban residentialModerate-high — ci needs testing
120II/III15.619.823.6Commercial, mixed occupancyHigh — FM rated system req’d
130III18.323.227.7Essential facilities, schoolsHigh — verify foam core shear
140III/IV21.226.932.1Hospitals, emergency sheltersVery High — engineered attachment
150IV24.330.836.8High-wind coastal zonesVery High — EPS/PU uplift critical
160IV27.735.141.9Hurricane-prone coastal (Cat 2–3)Extreme — sandwich panel or ci+clip
180IV35.144.553.1SFHA, extreme hurricane zonesExtreme — EPS limited; PU HD req’d
200IV43.354.965.5South FL/coastal islands (Cat 4–5)Critical — engineered assemblies only

q_z = 0.00256 × K_z × K_zt × K_d × K_e × V². K_z at 30 ft: Exp B=0.70, Exp C=0.89, Exp D=1.06. Component & cladding (C&C;) design pressures = q_z × G × C_p ± q_i × G_i × C_pi; use ASCE 7-22 Fig. 30.3-1 through 30.3-7 for C_p values by zone and building geometry.

Section 1 — Eps (Expanded Polystyrene) Wind Load Properties | Astm C578

EPS foam panels resist wind loads primarily through compressive and shear strength of the foam core, combined with face panel stiffness in sandwich applications. Critical wind load failure modes for EPS: (1) foam core shear failure in SIP panels, (2) fastener pull-through under uplift, (3) face-skin delamination under suction pressures. Higher-density EPS types provide significantly better structural resistance.

Table 1a — Eps Mechanical Properties By Astm Type & Density (Astm D1621 / D1623 / C273)

ASTM TypeNominal Density (lb/ft³)Compressive Strength @ 10% def. (psi)Flexural Strength (psi)Tensile Strength (psi)Shear Strength (psi)Shear Modulus (psi)Modulus of Elasticity (psi)R-value @ 75°F (per inch)ASTM Type Application
Type I0.90–1.1410–1425–3016–2018–22280–320180–2203.85General insulation, bel
Type VIII1.15–1.3413–1830–3817–2123–25370–410250–3103.92Moderate load insulati
Type II1.35–1.7915–2140–5018–2226–32460–500320–3604.17Structural insulation, S
Type IX1.80–2.2025–3350–7523–2733–37600–640460–5004.35High-load SIPs, roof d
Type XIV2.20–2.8035–5060–9028–3540–48700–780560–6404.50Heavy structural / indu
Type XV2.80–3.5050–7575–11035–4548–60820–920680–7804.60Maximum load SIPs, b

Values per ASTM C578 Table 1. Compressive strength at 10% deformation per ASTM D1621. Flexural per ASTM C203. Tensile per ASTM D1623. Shear per ASTM C273. Types XIV and XV are non-standard ASTM C578 types used for structural applications.

Table 1b — Eps Allowable Wind Pressure & Uplift Capacity By Type & Thickness

Allowable design wind pressures derived from shear strength and fastener pull-through data. Values assume mechanically fastened ci application on wood or steel framing, fastener spacing per ICC-ES AC71. Apply factor of safety = 3.0 per AC71 §5.3.

ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness (inches)Compressive Strength (psi)Allowable Shear (psi)Fastener Pull-through (lbf, min.)Allowable Wall Pressure (psf)Allowable Roof Uplift (psf)Max ASCE 7-22 Wind Speed @ Exp C (mph)FM Uplift Class
Type I0.90–1.141″126801812901-30
Type I0.90–1.142″126802014951-30
Type I0.90–1.143″1268022151001-45
Type I0.90–1.144″1268023161001-45
Type VIII1.15–1.341″15810022151001-45
Type VIII1.15–1.342″15810025171051-45
Type VIII1.15–1.343″15810027191101-60
Type VIII1.15–1.344″15810028201101-60
Type II1.35–1.791″181012027181101-60
Type II1.35–1.792″181012030221151-60
Type II1.35–1.793″181012033241201-60
Type II1.35–1.794″181012035261201-75
Type II1.35–1.796″181012037271251-75
Type IX1.80–2.201″291215033221201-75
Type IX1.80–2.202″291215037261251-75
Type IX1.80–2.203″291215040291301-90
Type IX1.80–2.204″291215042311301-90
Type IX1.80–2.206″291215045331351-90

Allowable wall pressure = shear strength (psi) × 144 in²/ft² / safety factor 3.0. Allowable roof uplift = 70% of wall pressure (one-sided attachment). Fastener pull-through per ICC-ES AC71 §4.3 with #10 or #12 screw in FM-approved pattern. FM uplift class per Factory Mutual Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-29. Actual design pressures depend on fastener schedule, substrate, and AHJ-approved product listing.

Section 2 — Pu/Pir Foam Wind Load Properties | Astm C591 / C1029

Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate (PU/PIR) rigid foam provides substantially higher compressive, tensile, and shear strength than EPS at equivalent densities, making it superior for wind load resistance in continuous insulation (ci), roofing, and structural panel applications. Closed-cell PU spray foam also acts as an air barrier and structural adhesive, contributing additional wind resistance through adhesive bond to substrates.

Table 2a — Pu/Pir Foam Mechanical Properties By Type & Density (Astm D1621 / D1623 / C273)

Type / ProductDensity (lb/ft³)Cell TypeCompressive Strength @ 10% def. (psi)Flexural Strength (psi)Tensile Strength (psi)Shear Strength (psi)Shear Modulus (psi)Modulus of Elasticity (psi)R-value per inch @ 75°F
Open-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type I)0.4–0.6Open0.1–0.52–52–50.5–250–12030–803.7
Closed-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type II)1.5–2.0Closed20–3550–7550–7525–40400–600300–5006.2
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type I)1.8Closed2020350–450250–3506.0
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type IV)2.0Closed2222400–500300–4006.0
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type II)2.5Closed3530500–650400–5506.1
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type III)3.0Closed4560–8070–9038600–750500–7006.3
Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type V)4.0Closed8090–120100–13055800–1000700–9506.0
High-density PU (ASTM C591 Type VI)6.0Closed125130–180150–200801100–14001000–13005.8

Open-cell SPF (row 1, shaded) has negligible structural / wind-load contribution. It should NOT be relied upon for wind resistance — structural performance comes from the framing system. Closed-cell SPF adds measurable racking and uplift resistance when bonded to structural substrates. Rigid PU/PIR board compressive values per ASTM C591 Table 1; SPF values per ASTM C1029.

Table 2b — Pu Foam Allowable Wind Pressure & Roof Uplift By Type & Thickness

PU TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness (inches)Compressive @ 10% (psi)Allowable Shear (psi)Bond Strength to Substrate (psi)Allowable Wall Press. (psf)Allowable Roof Uplift (psf)Max ASCE 7-22 Wind Speed @ Exp C (mph)FM Uplift Class
Open-cell SPF0.52″0.30.5Adhesive bond onlyN/A*N/A*N/A*Not rated
Open-cell SPF0.53.5″0.30.5Adhesive bond onlyN/A*N/A*N/A*Not rated
Closed-cell SPF2.01″283025–3538261251-60
Closed-cell SPF2.02″283025–3542291301-60
Closed-cell SPF2.03″283025–3545321351-75
Closed-cell SPF2.04″283025–3547331351-75
Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.51″3532Mech. fastened42291301-60
Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.52″3532Mech. fastened47331351-75
Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.53″3532Mech. fastened50351401-75
Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.54″3532Mech. fastened52371401-90
Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.02″4538Mech. fastened53371401-90
Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.03″4538Mech. fastened57401451-90
Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.04″4538Mech. fastened60421501-120
Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.06″4538Mech. fastened62441551-120
HD PU Type VI (C591)6.02″12580Mech. fastened80561651-120
HD PU Type VI (C591)6.04″12580Mech. fastened85601701-150+
HD PU Type VI (C591)6.06″12580Mech. fastened88621751-150+

Open-cell SPF (N/A) provides NO structural wind resistance — framing system carries all wind loads. Closed-cell SPF bond strength based on adhesion to OSB/plywood substrate. Allowable pressures use safety factor 3.0 per ICC-ES AC71. FM uplift class per FM 4474 / FM 4450; actual class requires FM-listed assembly test.

Section 3 — Comparative Summary, Wind Zone Guide & Permit Checklist

Table 3a — Eps Vs. Pu Foam Wind Load Property Comparison

PropertyTest MethodEPS Type I 0.9 pcfEPS Type IX 2.0 pcfPU Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³PU CC SPF 2.0 lb/ft³PU Rigid 3.0 lb/ft³PU HD 6.0 lb/ft³
Compressive str. @ 10% (psi)ASTM D162110–1425–330.1–0.520–3545125
Flexural strength (psi)ASTM C20325–3050–752–550–7560–80130–180
Tensile strength (psi)ASTM D162316–2023–272–550–7570–90150–200
Shear strength (psi)ASTM C27318–2233–370.5–225–403880
Shear modulus (psi)ASTM C273280–320600–64050–120400–600600–7501100–1400
Allowable wall pressure (psf)ICC-ES AC7118–2333–45N/A38–4753–6080–88
Allowable roof uplift (psf)FM 447412–1622–33N/A26–3337–4456–62
Max wind speed — Exp C (mph)ASCE 7-2290–100120–135N/A125–135140–155165–175
FM uplift class (ci/roof)FM 44501-30 to 1-451-75 to 1-90Not rated1-60 to 1-751-90 to 1-1201-120 to 1-150+
R-value per inchASTM C5183.854.353.706.206.305.80
Bond to substrateASTM D1623Mech. onlyMech. onlyAdhesiveAdhesive+Mech.Mech. onlyMech. only
Suitable for hurricane zoneIBC 2021NO (V>130 mph)MARGINAL (V≤140)NO (structural)YES (with listing)YESYES (engineered)

 

Table 3b — Foam Insulation Selection Guide By Asce 7-22 Wind Speed Zone

ASCE 7-22 Design SpeedWind Zone / RegionExposureRecommended EPS TypeRecommended PU TypeMin. Fastener ScheduleFM Uplift RequiredSpecial Requirements
≤ 100 mphZone I — Low Wind (most inland US)B/CType I or VIII (0.9–1.34 pcf)Closed-cell SPF 2.0 lb or Rigid Type I/IVStandard AC71 6″ o.c. perimeter1-45 minimumStandard IBC installation per
100–115 mphZone II — Moderate (midcontinent, SE inland)B/CType II (1.35–1.79 pcf)Closed-cell SPF 2.0 lb or Rigid Type IIAC71 enhanced 4″ o.c. perimeter1-60 minimumICC-ES evaluation report req
115–130 mphZone III — High Wind (coastal plains, SE)C/DType IX (1.8–2.2 pcf)Rigid PU/PIR Type II or IIIAC71 high-wind 3″ o.c. + clips1-75 minimumNFPA 285 exterior wall; prod
130–150 mphZone IV — Very High (Gulf/Atlantic coast)C/DType IX ONLY with FM listingRigid PU/PIR Type III (3.0 lb/ft³)FM-listed clip system + adhesive1-90 to 1-120FM 4474 / 4450 tested asse
150–180 mphZone V — Extreme (hurricane prone coastal)DNOT RECOMMENDED (use steel/concrete ci)HD PU Type VI (6.0 lb/ft³) onlyEngineered attachment system1-120 to 1-150+Florida Building Code §1609
> 180 mphZone VI — Critical (SFHA, Cat 4–5 zones)DNOT PERMITTED as primary ciEngineering analysis required (AHJ approval)Structural engineer stamped design1-150+ or engineeredTAS 201/202/203; Miami-Da

 

Wind Load Permit Review Checklist — Structural Engineer / Ahj

#Verification ItemEPSPU Closed-cellPU Rigid HDCode Reference
1ASTM C578 or C591/C1029 material certification providedReq’dReq’dReq’dASTM C578 / C591
2ASTM D1621 compressive strength test report providedReq’dReq’dReq’dASTM D1621
3ICC-ES evaluation report (AC71) for ci application providedReq’dReq’dReq’dICC-ES AC71
4Design wind speed (V) per ASCE 7-22 Fig. 26.5-1 confirmed for siteReq’dReq’dReq’dASCE 7-22 §26.5
5Exposure category (B/C/D) determined and documentedReq’dReq’dReq’dASCE 7-22 §26.7
6Design wind pressures (C&C) calculated for all wall/roof zonesBy eng.By eng.By eng.ASCE 7-22 §30
7Foam compressive/shear strength ≥ design pressure × safety factorVerifyVerifyVerifyICC-ES AC71 §5.3
8Fastener type, size, and spacing per approved FM/ICC-ES scheduleReq’dReq’dReq’dFM 4474 / AC71
9FM-rated roof uplift assembly specified (if FM required by insurer)FM listingFM listingFM listingFM 4450 / 4474
10Corner/edge zone reinforced fastening per ASCE 7-22 Fig. 30.3Req’dReq’dReq’dASCE 7-22 §30.3
11NFPA 285 exterior wall assembly tested/listed (>1 story)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.5
12PE-stamped drawings for wind speeds > 130 mph or Risk Cat. III/IVPE stampPE stampPE stampIBC §1603.1.4
13Miami-Dade NOA or Florida Product Approval (if FL or coastal Cat 4+)NOA req’dNOA req’dNOA req’dFBC §1609 / TAS

Product Range

Juliet Balcony Functional kits

Service Range Group Tabs
Decorative Moldings 1

Decorative Moldings 1

Decorative Moldings 2

Decorative Moldings 2

Decorative Moldings 3

Decorative Moldings 3

Decorative Moldings 4

Decorative Moldings 4

Decorative Moldings 5

Decorative Moldings 5

Decorative Moldings 6

Decorative Moldings 6

Decorative Moldings 7

Decorative Moldings 7

Exterior Wall Niches

Exterior Wall Niches 1

Exterior Wall Niches 2

Exterior Wall Niches 2

Exterior Wall Niches 3

Exterior Wall Niches 3

Service Range Style Tabs

Finishes

Size Guide

Height (H), inDepth (D), inLength (L), in
2 ¾¾96
31
3 ¼1 ¼
3 ½1 ½
41 ¾
4 ½2
52 ¼
5 ½2 ½
62 ¾
6 ¾3 ¼
7 ½3 ½
8 ¼4

Finishes

Textures & Colors

We offer 3 finish types and 9 standard colors. For custom color, we have mixes that allow us to make columns in almost any color.

SandblastSandblast

Fine, uniform aggregate. Replicates the clean, etched look of sandblasted masonry. Fully paintable.

FreestyleFreestyle

Hand-troweled, organic movement. Perfect for Old World, Mediterranean, or custom rustic facades. Fully paintable.

QuarzputzQuarzputz

Classic rilled stucco texture. Engineered to seamlessly match standard EIFS exterior systems. Fully paintable.

SandpebbleSandpebble

Medium-to-heavy aggregate. Delivers a robust, traditional stucco profile that hides surface imperfections. Fully paintable.

Sandpebble FineSandpebble fine

Tight, subtle aggregate. A versatile, low-profile texture that balances masonry realism with a refined finish. Fully paintable.

MojaveMojave

Deep, rugged relief. Creates strong shadow lines for a bold, heavy-masonry aesthetic. Fully paintable.

FinesseFinesse

Sophisticated, micro-stipple texture. Provides a premium, understated finish for high-end residential or commercial designs. Fully paintable.

CoralCoral

Deep, heavily pitted texture. Recreates the dramatic, organic look of natural volcanic rock or weathered marine coral reefs. Fully paintable.

Coral LightCoral Light

Subtle, moderately pitted texture. Offers a softer, more refined version of the classic coral finish with a balanced, natural depth. Fully paintable.

All textures and colors are fully customizable for each individual project, ensuring complete flexibility in design and appearance.

Each our decorative architectural foam product is unique. We don’t “print” identical beams — we craft them as individual architectural pieces.

Principle Card

Our material vs Competitors

Property
Our Material (EPS)
Wood
Concrete
Polyurethane
Fiberglass
Weight
Very lightweight
Medium
Very heavy
Light
Light
Thermal Insulation
Excellent
Moderate
Poor
Excellent
Good
Moisture Resistance
High (does not absorb water)
Low (absorbs moisture)
Medium
High
Medium
Durability
Long-lasting, stable
Can rot or warp
Very durable
Durable
Fragile over time
Fire Behavior
Melts under high heat
Burns
Fire-resistant
Flammable (treated variants available)
Non-combustible
Ease of Installation
Easy, fast, low labor cost
Moderate
Difficult, labor-intensive
Moderate
Requires protection gear
Customization
Highly customizable shapes & sizes
Limited
Very limited
Moderate
Limited
Cost
Affordable
Medium to high
High
High
Medium

Why choose us

Value / Service
Our company
Competitors
Free Design Support
Included in every project
Usually not available
Product Customization
Fully customized solutions
Limited options
Engineering Consultation
Direct access to engineers
Rare or paid
Unique Prototype Development
Yes, tailored prototypes
Not offered
Personal Project Manager
Dedicated manager for each client
Not standard
Speed of Production
Fast turnaround
Slower processes
Client Support
Ongoing support at all stages
Limited after-sales support
Flexibility
Tailored to any client requirements
Standard solutions only

Let’s bring your vision to life

How to order your custom Juliet balcony

From your initial concept to job site delivery—our process is transparent, fast, and engineered for architectural precision.

It all begins with a deep dive into your project. We work as your technical partner to transform creative intent into a solid, actionable plan.

  • Analyze your inputs: We review your architectural plans, CAD files, sketches, and inspirational images to understand your design from every angle.
  • Define the scope: In a collaborative consultation, we discuss the project’s aesthetic goals, site conditions, and technical requirements to ensure a perfect fit.
  • Establish a technical blueprint: We finalize all specifications, from dimensions to finish textures, creating a clear roadmap for fabrication that aligns perfectly with your vision.
Contact us via WhatsApp

We bridge the gap between concept and cost, providing you with the clarity and confidence to move forward.

  • Receive a detailed 3D visualization: We create and send you a precise 3D model, allowing you to see exactly how your custom architectural elements will look before production begins.
  • Get a transparent, itemized proposal: You receive a clear, comprehensive quote with no hidden fees. We believe in total transparency, so you know exactly what you’re investing in.
  • Maintain complete control for final approval: We don’t proceed until you are 100% satisfied. You have the final say on the design and budget before we move to the next stage.
Contact us via WhatsApp

This is where your approved design becomes a physical reality, crafted with an obsessive focus on quality in our 45,000 sq. ft. workshop.

  • Execute with robotic accuracy: Our state-of-the-art CNC hot-wire machines carve your architectural elements with flawless precision, matching your approved 3D models to the exact specification.
  • Armor for a century of performance: Our skilled artisans apply our signature Polyurea hard coat, creating a seamless, impact-resistant, and weatherproof shell designed for decades of durability.
  • Verify through rigorous quality control: Every single piece undergoes a multi-point inspection to ensure it meets our exact standards for shape, finish, and structural integrity.
Contact us via WhatsApp

Our commitment extends all the way to your job site, ensuring a smooth and successful installation.

  • Protect with secure, custom crating: We build specialized shipping crates for every project, guaranteeing your elements arrive in pristine, ready-to-install condition.
  • Streamline your installation: Your pieces are delivered pre-assembled and lightweight, designed to slash on-site labor time and eliminate the need for heavy machinery.
  • Support your crew to the finish line: We provide detailed installation guides and offer live Zoom support to answer your team’s questions, guaranteeing a perfect final fit.
Contact us via WhatsApp

It all begins with a deep dive into your project. We work as your technical partner to translate creative intent into a solid, actionable plan.

  • Analyze your inputs: We review your architectural plans, CAD files, sketches, and inspirational images to understand your design from every angle.
  • Define the scope: In a collaborative consultation, we discuss the project’s aesthetic goals, site conditions, and technical requirements to ensure a perfect fit.
  • Establish a technical blueprint: We finalize all specifications, from dimensions to finish textures, creating a clear roadmap for fabrication that aligns perfectly with your vision.
Contact us via WhatsApp

We bridge the gap between concept and cost, providing you with the clarity and confidence to move forward.

  • Receive a detailed 3d visualization: We create and send you a precise 3D model, allowing you to see exactly how your custom architectural elements will look before production begins.
  • Get a transparent, itemized proposal: You receive a clear, comprehensive quote with no hidden fees. We believe in total transparency, so you know exactly what you’re investing in.
  • Maintain complete control for final approval: We don’t proceed until you are 100% satisfied. You have the final say on the design and budget before we move to the next stage.
Contact us via WhatsApp

This is where your approved design becomes a physical reality, crafted with an obsessive focus on quality in our 45,000 sq. ft. workshop.

  • Execute with robotic accuracy: Our state-of-the-art CNC hot-wire machines carve your architectural elements with flawless precision, matching your approved 3D models to the exact specification.
  • Armor for a century of performance: Our skilled artisans apply our signature Polyurea hard coat, creating a seamless, impact-resistant, and weatherproof shell designed for decades of durability.
  • Verify through rigorous quality control: Every single piece undergoes a multi-point inspection to ensure it meets our exact standards for shape, finish, and structural integrity.
Contact us via WhatsApp

Our commitment extends all the way to your job site, ensuring a smooth and successful installation.

  • Protect with secure, custom crating: We build custom shipping crates for your elements, ensuring they arrive on-site in perfect, ready-to-install condition.
  • Streamline your installation: Your pieces are delivered pre-assembled, designed to slash on-site labor time and eliminate the need for heavy machinery.
  • Support your crew to the finish line: We provide detailed installation guides and offer live Zoom support to answer your team’s questions, guaranteeing a perfect final fit.
Contact us via WhatsApp

Our project gallery

Client testimonials

From your first idea to the final installation — our process is clear, fast, and designed to make every detail simple.

Let’s bring your vision to life

FAQ

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More architectural shapes

We provide architects, builders, and homeowners with turnkey decorative elements that transform any project — fast, easy, and cost-effective.

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Architectural columns

Door Surrounds

Door surrounds

Faux Stone Column Wraps and Lamp Posts

Faux stone column wraps and lamp posts

Stucco Mailboxes

Stucco mailboxes and lamp posts kits

Louvers & Shutters

Exterior louvers & shutters

Exterior Wall Niches

Exterior wall niches

Decorative Moldings

Decorative moldings

Decorative Trims

Decorative trims

Sills & Bands

Sills and bands

Crown Moldings

Crown moldings

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